The Establishment Of Fingerprint And Research On Pharmacological Activity Of Ginger Charcoal

Dried ginger,a medicinal and edible food,has functions with warming the middle-jiao,dispelling cold and recuperating depleted Yang and invigorating the pulse-beat.The roasted ginger and ginger charcoal are processed products of dried ginger which have been recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2015.The ginger charcoal has the effects of warming spleen and warming channel for arresting bleeding.By using a traditional method,the ginger charcoal used in this study are made from the dried ginger which are heated for a special time in a sealed casserole wrapped with soil.The ginger charcoal has been used in clinic for nearly one hundred years,and it’s clinical efficacy has been confirmed.However,But there is no systematic study on the connection between processing mechanism and changes of efficacy.Based on the theory of charcoal storage,we are aiming to found the similarities and differences between the ginger charcoal and dried ginger by studying their chemical compositon and pharmacological activity.We hope the data obtained could be helpful to establish the quality control for the ginger charcoal,and clarify the effective components.The research included the following studies:(1)Study on the chemical componentsFirstly,the fingerprint chromatogram was established for the dried ginger and ginger charcoal by HPLC technology.Through comparing the chromatogram between ginger charcoal and dried ginger,we found that the main components in the dried ginger were eluted in the early stage,while the ginger charcoal were in the later stage.This indicated that the polarity of active ingredients has changed obviously during the processing.The similarity of the chromatogram was also analyzed.The dried ginger showed 7 specific peaks in common in eight batches of the samples.The ginger charcoal showed 9 specific peaks in common in eight batches of the samples.In addition,we also compared with the chromatogram of dried ginger and ginger charcoal,and founded that there were 7 peaks in common,we guess they might be the basic material for the ginger charcoal to preserving the dried ginger’s function.Secondly,vanillin was used as a reference substance to determine the content of gingerols which was one of the main active components of dried ginger and ginger charcoal.The results showed that the content of gingerols in dried ginger and ginger charcoal was 8.456 mg/g and 1.705 mg/g,respectively.It indicated that the content of gingerols was significantly reduced during the processing.(2)In vitro study on pharmacological activitiesThe loose porous carbon structure was formed during the process on the dried ginger.In this study,the methylene blue absorbed by ginger charcoal samples with different sizes was detected by UV spectrophotometry to determine their adsorption activities.We found that the adsorption activity was positively correlated with the size of ginger charcoal.In addition,continuous dilution method was selected to evaluate the antibacterial activity effects of dried ginger’s extracts,ginger charcoal’s extracts and ginger charcoal powder.The E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used for the study.It’s was founded that all the samples showed better bacteriostatic activity.Except the methanol ultrasonic extract of ginger,the other samples had better bacteriostatic effect on E.coli than Staphylococcus aureus,and the bacteriostatic effect of ginger charcoal powder was better than ginger charcoal’s extracts.(3)In vivo study on pharmacological activityGiven the excellent adsorption performance and the efficacy of ginger charcoal,we investigated the action effect of ginger charcoal powder and ginger charcoal extract on the diarrhea rats induced by senna.The rats were investigated with the water content of the feces,time of coagulation,organ index and tissue H&E staining.The results showed that both administration could ameliorate the symptoms on diarrhea and damage of spleen and colon in the rats.Furthermore,the ginger charcoal powder had better effects than the ginger charcoal extract on preventing bleeding.In summary,we investigated and analyzed the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the dried ginger and ginger charcoal.The ginger charcoal mainly contained compounds with larger polarity,while the dried ginger mainly contained compounds with less polarity.Besides,the ginger charcoal powder showed better effect on antibacterial activities,hemostatic activity and anti-diarrhea activity,which might be attributed to its carbon structure.