Expression And Clinical Significance Of Stathmin 1 In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

According to the statistical analysis of the incidence of malignant tumors worldwide,the number of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma（HNSCC）per year in the world’s population is about 600,000,with the fatality rate between 40 and 50%.HNSCC is the sixth most common malignancy in the body and is a highly lethal malignancy.Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a tumor characterized by local invasion,distant metastasis and easy recurrence.These biological characteristics are closely related to the individual microenvironment of patients.The five-year survival rate for HNSCC patients remained between 50 percent and 60 percent,despite advances in medical technology that allowed doctors to make dramatic advances in the face of malignancy,including aggressive treatment regimens such as early diagnosis,surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Studies have shown that many related biologicals signaling pathways are abnormally activated during HNSCC tumor progression,which makes it difficult to cure the disease.In addition,tumor related biological heterogeneity is one of the main reasons why HNSCC is difficult to cure.The occurrence and development of tumor diseases are not only influenced by the interactions within tumor cells,but also related to the involvement of some mesenchymal cells in tumor microenvironment.Tumor cells interact with biological protein molecules,and various biological protein molecules play an important regulatory role in the growth,proliferation and movement of tumor cells.Therefore,it is necessary to study the molecular mechanisms in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment through various experimental techniques for the further development and improvement of current tumor treatment strategies.Stathmin 1 protein（encoded by the STMN1 gene）,also known as metablastin or oncoprotein 18,is a major cytoplasmic phospholamban.Stathmin 1 protein is a kind of protein molecules regulate cell microtubule stability,when it did not happen phosphorylation,can inhibit the alpha beta tubulin dimers assembly building,lead to instability of shape and structure of cell microtubules and,in turn,lead to changes in cell morphology,change the dynamic stability of the cell,make its in regulating cell movement,cell clone,cell differentiation,cell proliferation and cell survival plays an important role.Overexpression of Stathmin 1 has been found in many cancers,such as prostate cancer,gastric cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer and lung cancer.Meanwhile,relevant literature has also reported that Stathmin 1 is over-expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）,indicating that Stathmin 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.In the molecular structure of Stathmin 1 protein,there are4 serine phosphorylation sites（Ser16,Ser25,Ser38 and Ser63）.When Stathmin 1 is phosphorylated at Ser16 or Ser63,it inhibits Stathmin 1’s ability to bind and isolate soluble tubulin,thus enhancing the stability of cell microtubules.However,Stathmin 1protein molecule phosphorylated at Ser38(later known as p-Stathmin 1^S38)has been reported as a new biomarker for tumor cell proliferation and poor prognosis.Although the effects of phosphorylation at different sites of Stathmin 1 have been studied in some experimental models,the prognosis and clinical significance of p-Stathmin 1^S38expression in HNSCC remain unclear.This paper aims to investigate the expression of Stathmin 1 protein and its phosphorylated protein p-Stathmin 1^S38 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their relationship with other protein molecules in tumor microenvironment.