Effects Of Active Smoking And Passive Smoking On Pulmonary Function In Female Adults

Objective:Tobacco harm is one of the most serious public health problems in the world.In recent years,as a group of second-hand smokers and passive smokers,female are increasing in number of active smoking,thus the harm of tobacco to female needs to be paid more attention to.As far as we know,there is a lack of research data on the changes of pulmonary function in female patients with active and passive smoking.Tobacco smoke contains a variety of harmful substances,which were absorbed by the human body through the mouth and respiratory tract of smokers,and induce acute or chronic inflammation and increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,lung cancer,asthma and tuberculosis.However,the chemical composition and concentration of smoke inhaled by active smokers and passive smokers are different.The content of some chemical components which have great harm to human body in secondhand smoke is much higher than that of mainstream smoke,and ultimately lead to the decline of lung function.In this study,the effects of active smoking and passive smoking on female pulmonary function were investigated by comparing the lung function with that of healthy people.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.According to the inclusion a nd exclusion criteria,300 female physical examiners were included in C hengde Central Hospital from December 2017 to December 2018.All of them are civil servants from Chengde,Hebei province.General informati on about the subjects including age,height and weight,was recorded an d asked in detail about active smoking and passive smoking.The subjec ts were divided into active smoking group,passive smoking group and control group,according to their smoking status.At the same time,the smokers were further divided into mild and severe sub-groups according to the smoking index?number of cigarettes per day multiplied by year s of smoking?and passive smoking branch.All subjects were examined for pulmonary function,including total lung volume?TLC?,residual air volume?RV?,functional residual gas?FRC?,residual air amount/total l ung volume?RV/TLC?,forced expiratory volume in one second?FEV1?,forced vital capacity?FVC?,1 second rate?FEV1/FVC?,maximum e xpiratory flow?MEF75,MEF50,MEF25?,maximum mid expiratory flow?MMEF?,peak expiratory flow?PEF?.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.The measured data were in accordance with normal distribution or approximate normal distribution expressed as mea n±standard deviation?x±s?.One-way ANOVA was used to compare t he two groups,the LSD was used for post-analysis.Independent sample t test was used for comparing subgroups.The test level was 0.05,and P<0.05 showed significant difference.Results:1 General information and GroupingThe mean age,BMI was 50.73±7.10 years old,BMI 22.93±1.54 kg/m² in active smoking group?group A?,while 50.21±6.48 years old,22.21±1.58kg/m² in passive smoking group?group B?,49.35±7.27 years old,22.88±1.65kg/m² in control group?group C?,respectively,with 100 cases in each group.The general data of the three groups had no significant difference?P>0.05?.Among them,group A was divided into mild active subgroup?A₁ group,smoking index?200,50.86±7.59 years old,BMI 22.89±1.60 kg/m²?with 48case and severe subgroup?A₂ group,smoking index>200,50.63±6.93 years old,BMI 23.01±1.56 kg/m²?with 52 cases.There was no significant difference in general data between the two subgroups?P>0.05?;while group B was divided into mild subgroup?group B₁,a history of passive smoking of more than 10 years and passive smoking for less than 10 branches/day,50.52±6.67 years old,BMI 21.77±1.65 kg/m²?with 51 cases and severe subgroup?group B₂,a history of more than 10 years and more than 10branches/day,49.83±6.41 years old,BMI 22.73±1.38 kg/m²?with 49 cases.There was no significant difference in general data between the two subgroups?P>0.05?.2 Comparison of pulmonary function among groups A?B and CAs for ventilation function index?FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC?,there was no significant difference?P>0.05?.And as for volume function index?TLC,RV,FRC,RV/TLC?,there was no significant difference?P>0.05?.However,with regard to all small airway function indicators,including MEF75,MEF50,MEF25,MMEF,and PEF,group A showed the worst,while group B better,and group C the best.And the difference between the two groups was statistically significant?P<0.05?,in which the small airway obstruction rate of active smoking group was 63%.3 Comparison of pulmonary function in smokers3.1 Comparison of pulmonary function between A₁ and A₂ groupsAs for ventilation function index?FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC?and volume function index?TLC,RV,FRC,RV/TLC?,there was no significant difference?P>0.05?.However,with regard to all small airway function indicators,including MEF75,MEF50,MEF25,MMEF,and PEF,A₁ group was better than A₂ group,in which MEF75 and PEF had no significant difference?P>0.05?,and the remaining index had significant difference?P<0.05?,of which the small airway obstruction rate in A₂ group was 84.6%.3.2 Comparison of pulmonary function between B₁ and B₂ groupsAs for ventilation function index?FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC?and volume function index?TLC,RV,FRC,RV/TLC?,there was no significant difference?P>0.05?.However,with regard to all small airway function indicators,including MEF75,MEF50,MEF25,MMEF,and PEF,B₁ group was better than B₂ group,in which MEF75,MEF50,and PEF had no significant difference?P>0.05?,the remaining indicators had significant difference?P<0.05?.Conclusions:1 Both active and passive smoking cause pulmonary function desce nd in female.the main manifestation is the decrease of small airway fu nction,with a greater impact of impairment in active smoking.2 The more active smoking index and the number of passive smoking branches in female,the greater pulmonary function damage,with a more serious damage in the small airway.