| Background: Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.The development of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome has similar pathophysiological mechanisms.Sarcopenic obesity is a chronic disease that has become a major public health problem that prevails worldwide.At present,the research on the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome is not uniform.Objective: This study focused on whether the presence of obesity and sarcopenia can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome,and explore factors that may possibly influence sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.Metheds: A total of 209 elderly patients(mean age 71.95±7.58 years old)admitted to the Geriatrics Department and Endocrinology Department of Yantai Yuhaungding Hospital from January to June 2018 were enrolled in the study.103 males and 106 females were measured for weight,Height,calculating BMI,recording calf circumference,grip strength,gait speed.We use calf circumference instead of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)to assess muscle mass according to study of Keisuke et al.,and to diagnose sarcopenia according to the diagnostic criteria recommended by the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group,and systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and fasting blood glucose were measured in the meantime.According to the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and obesity,209 subjects were divided into 4 groups,the normal group(n=88),the simple sarcopenia group(n=53)and the simple obesity group(n=28).sarcopenic obesity group(n=40).All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software(23.0).The count data is expressed by the number of cases and the percentage.The measurement data is expressed as?X±S,the statistical analysis method is based on the chi-square test,and the measurement data is analyzed by One-way Anova analysis.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different groups and metabolic syndrome.Results:1.According to the relevant diagnostic criteria,there were 88 people(42.11%)in the normal group,53 people(25.36%)in the sarcopenia group,27 people(12.92%)in the obesity group,and 40 people(19.14%)in the sarcopenic obesity group.Among the 209 hospitalized elderly patients,the prevalence of sarcopenia was 25.36%(53 / 209),including 49.06%(26 / 53)for men and 50.94%(27/53)for women;The proportion of 60-74 years old group was 60.38%(32/53),and the proportion of the 75~ age group was 39.62%(21/53).The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 19.14%(40/209).Males accounted for 51.22%(21/40),females accounted for 47.50%(19/40);60-74 years old group accounted for 5.00%(2/40),and 75-year-old age group accounted for 95.00%(38/40).2.The mean age of the normal group was 65.78±2.94,73.15±5.77 for the sarcopenia group,73.68±5.09 for the obese group,82.73±3.97 for the sarcopenic obesity group,and the mean age of the sarcopenic obesity group was higher than the other three groups.The difference was statistically significant(p < 0.001).The anthropometric indicators showed that the average waist circumference,body weight and BMI of the sarcopenic obesity group were higher than those of the other three groups.The calf circumference,grip strength and pace of the sarcopenia group and the sarcopenic obesity group were lower than the other two groups.The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.001).3.The results of clinical metabolic indicators showed that the proportion of triglyceride>1.7mmol/L in the sarcopenic obesity group was higher than that in the normal group(P<0.05).The mean value of HDL-C in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the sarcopenic obesity group(P <0.001),the mean value of HDL-C in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the sarcopenic obesity group(P<0.05);the total cholesterol level in the sarcopenia group was significantly higher than that in the normal group(P<0.05).4.In the chronic disease category,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome were the highest in the group with sarcopenic obesity,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among them,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the normal group was 23.86%,54.72% in the sarcopenia group,32.14% in the obese group,and 67.50% in the sarcopenic obesity group.The proportion of exercisers in the normal group was higher than that in the sarcopenia group(P<0.05).The proportion of exercisers in the normal group was higher than that in the sarcopenic obesity group(P<0.001).The proportion of exercisers in the sarcopenia group was higher than that in the sarcopenic obesity group(P < 0.001).5.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR value and 95% CI of abnormal metabolic parameters in the simple sarcopenia group,the simple obesity group and the sarcopenic obesity group.The results showed that the patients with sarcopenia had a higher risk of increased total cholesterol,fasting blood glucose,and LDL-C than the normal group(P<0.05),patients with sarcopenic obesity had a higher risk of increased systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,fasting blood glucose and triglyceride than in the normal group.The OR value of the sarcopenic obesity group was higher than that of the sarcopenia group except LDL-C.6.Using binary logistic regression,the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome in each group was analyzed.When the confounding factors were not adjusted,the OR of sarcopenia group was 3.86(95% CI: 1.86 to 7.80)and the OR of the sarcopenic obesity group was 5.93(95% CI: 2.63 to 13.37),the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).The adjustment of different confounding factors was performed.The OR values of metabolic syndrome in the sarcopenia group and sarcopenic obesity group were significantly higher than that in normal group(P<0.05),and the sarcopenic obesity group maintained the highest OR.Conclusions: 1.Age may be a risk factor for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity,and exercise may be a protective factor.2.Sarcopenic obesity is associated with a greater risk of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol,and fasting blood glucose than in sarcopenia and obesity alone.3.Sarcopenic obesity may be one of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. |
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