Risk Factors Of Cerebral Microbleeds And Their Correlation With Cognitive Function

Background and objective:With the improvement of detection technology,the detection rate of cerebral microbleeds is significantly increased than before.As a kind of subclinical pathological changes,People suffer from CMBs would have no obvious clinical manifestations,but when existing with many other diseases,it has an impact on the progress of the disease,so it is particularly important to research the pathogenic mechanism,risk factors and related diagnosis and treatment measures of CMBs.Early intervention for high-risk patients with CMBs could delay the progress of disease and achieve early prevention and treatment.These measures would greatly help improve the life quality of the residents.This study intends to analyze the risk factors that may cause CMBs in patients with silent cerebrovascular disease,explore its correlation with cognitive function.Providing individualized prevention and treatment measures for people to reduce the occurrence and development of related diseases such as cognitive dysfunction.Methods:A total of 125 patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from October 2017 to January 2020 were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.According to the study,baseline information(age,sex,history of smoking and drinking,history of hypertension,history of diabetes,history of coronary heart disease,history of antiplatelet aggregation medication),laboratory test items(including: red blood cells,hemoglobin,white blood cells,neutrophils,lymphocytes,platelet counts,platelet / lymphocyte ratio(PLR),fibrinogen,cystatin C,serum creatinine,urea,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,C-reactive protein)and imaging data were collected.Participants were tested with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale(Mo CA).A total of 125 people successfully completed the input of basic data and scale information.The patients were divided into CMBs positive group and negative group depending on imaging data.SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis,univariate analysis(t-test,corrected t test,chi-square test)and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to find out the risk factors related to CMBs.Univariate analysis was used to analyze the correlation between CMBs and cognitive dysfunction.Results:Among 125 patients,57 patients were enrolled in the CMBs-positive group and 68 patients were enrolled in the CMBs-negative group.Univariate analysis showed that the P value of age(70.28 ±8.63VS63.29),history of hypertension(56.1% vs 26.5%),lymphocyte count(1.27 ±0.4VS1.89 ±0.67),platelet count(211.11 ±91.48VS177.72 ±57.54),PLR(184.23 ±102.46 VS107.41 ±40.74),cystatin C(1.12 ±0.22 VS0.62 ±0.18)between CMBs-positive group and negative-group were less than 0.05.The difference was statistically significant.That is,the comparison between the two groups suggests that the number of patients with a history of hypertension in the CMBs-positive group is higher,and the age,lymphocyte count,platelet count,PLR,and cystatin C counts are higher than the negative group.There was no significant difference in sex,smoking and drinking history,diabetes history,coronary heart disease history,antiplatelet aggregation medication history,red blood cell count,hemoglobin,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,platelet count,fibrinogen,serum creatinine,urea,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein between the two groups.The above indicators with statistical differences were analyzed by multivariate analysis.the results showed that age(OR 1.126,95% CI 1.063,1.192),history of hypertension(OR 2.673,95% CI 1.006,4.886),PLR(OR 1.041,95% CI 1.006,1.077),cystatin C(OR 3.796,95% CI 1.362,8.195)were independently related to the occurrence of CMBs.The Mo CA scale scores of the two groups were compared by univariate analysis.The results showed that P value of the total score of Mo CA and the cognitive domain scores of visual space and executive ability were less than 0.05,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Age,history of hypertension,high PLR and cystatin C count are closely related to the occurrence of CMBs.Health education can be carried out for SCD patients with related risk factors to prevent the occurrence and progress of CMBs disease.The existence of CMBs is related to cognitive dysfunction,indicating that the occurrence and continuous progress of CMBs have an impact on cognitive function.Analysis according to the specific scores of different cognitive domains suggests that CMBs has an impact on visual spatial executive ability.The prevention and treatment of CMBs may reduce the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction,delay the decline of cognitive function,and improve the quality of patients’ life.For patients with cerebrovascular diseases,AD or other neurodegenerative diseases,whether the prevention and treatment of CMBs risk factors is effective in delaying the decline of cognitive function remains to be further studied.