| Objective:To understand the basic nutritional status of the school children of the Hani nationality in rural boarding schools,according to the nutrition problems.Effective nutrition intervention methods were explored to improve the nutrition and health level of the school children of the Hani nationality in rural boarding schools.Methods:Using the method of cluster random sampling,primary school students of grade 3-5 in three boarding primary schools in Yuanyang county,Honghe Autonomous Prefecture were selected as the research objects.Physical examination,nutrition KAP questionnaire survey,dietary survey and interview with students and teachers were conducted respectively.Physical examination for height,weight and blood pressure were measured according to the requirements of "National standard for physical health of students(revised in 2014)".The nutrition KAP survey and interview content of the students and teachers were based on the nutrition health status monitoring students questionnaire of the 2016 "rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan",which were combined with the project objectives,self-designed questionnaire.Dietary nutrient intake status was investigated by "24 hours 3 day diet retrospective",and the results were compared and analyzed according to the standard human intake converted by dietary reference intakes(DRIs)and recommended values of food pagoda for Chinese residents.Students in two schools with no statistically significant difference in BMI and KAP scores were selected as the intervention group and the control group.Students in the intervention group received nutrition education and physical exercise intervention for 6 months,and the intervention effect was evaluated.Epidata software was used for data entry of KAP questionnaire,and SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of data.Data entry and analysis of the 3-day,24-hour dietary survey were conducted by the self-developed "dietary nutrition evaluation system for pregnant women and children in Kunming Medical University".Results:1.Baseline findingsThe average BMI of the objects was 16.8±2.2,in which 2.1%were low in weight,4.3%were overweight and 2.9%were obese.1.9%of primary school students had high blood pressure.The qualified rate of nutrition knowledge was 55.8%and 75%of the students were willing to learn about nutrition and health.Students who eat breakfast every day accounted for 41.0%of the total number.68.2%of the students liked to take part in extra-curricular sports activities.The energy and protein intakes of the investigated subjects accounted for 76.3%and 72.9%of the recommended intakes,respectively.The fat intakes were close to the recommended intakes,while the carbohydrate intakes were too high,accounting for 169.0%of the EAR.The intake of vitamins and minerals was insufficient,and the intake of vitamin A and calcium only accounted for 20.4%and 23.2%respectively.The dietary structure is unreasonable,the intake of cereals and tubers is high while the intake of other food types was low,and the intake of aquatic products,dairy products,soy beans and nuts was obviously insufficient.2.Results after interventionThe average BMI of the intervention group was 17.7±2.3,and 98.0%of the students had normal blood pressure.There was no significant difference in BMI and blood pressure between the intervention group and the control group(P>0.05).The scores of nutrition knowledge and attitude in the intervention group were significantly improved(P<0.05),and only one question in the behavior part had statistical significance(P<0.05),and the differences in the other questions were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dietary protein intake of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),while the difference of other macronutrients was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The intake of vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin C,and minerals including calcium,phosphorus,iron,selenium in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Compare the data between the two groups before and after intervention,there was no significant difference in BMI and blood pressure(P>0.05).After the intervention,the scores of nutrition knowledge and attitude were significantly improved(P<0,05),and only two questions in the behavior part had statistical significance(P<0.05),while the other questions had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Dietary energy,protein and carbohydrate proportions were all higher than before the intervention(P<0.05),and there was no statistical difference in vitamin intake(P>0.05).The intake of mineral include calcium,phosphorus,iron and zinc after intervention was higher than that before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The baseline survey shows that the overweight and obesity rates of the objects are lower than the national average,but higher than the Yunnan provincial average.There are deficiencies in nutrition cognition,and there is a large room for improvement in nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior.There are some problems include unreasonable dietary structure,excessive intake of cereal,and inadequate intake of total energy,vitamins and minerals.Sleeping time of the students is adequate,but the lack of physical exercise existing among students.2.Through the comprehensive intervention of "nutrition education plus physical exercise",students’ scores of nutrition knowledge and attitude were significantly improved,but their nutritional behaviors and dietary structure were not significantly improved.It showed that the nutritional health intervention could improve the level of nutritional knowledge of primary school students,corrected the attitude of reasonable diet of primary school students,and promoted the healthy growth of primary school students,but there was still a long way to go.3.Improving students’ nutrition and health is a long and arduous process,which requires the joint efforts of the whole society.The government,schools,teachers,parents and students need to participate in the long-term,to achieve the desired effect. |
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