Profiling Molecular Characteristics Of Pan-cancer Gender Discrepancy Based On TCGA Database

The "preference for men" phenomenon in cancer has been a concern for a long time.According to epidemiological statistics,men’s risk of cancer and cancer death rate are higher than women’s,and this difference is also reflected in the diagnosis,prognosis and drug metabolism differences.In response to this phenomenon,there are many different interpretations in terms of patient care requirements,cumulative cell division coefficients,and expression of sex hormones/hormone receptors.These interpretations usually focus on a single tumor or a retrospective analysis based on epidemiological statistics.Therefore,we analyzed the molecular characteristics of gender differences in pan-cancer by combining the high-throughput sequencing omics data published in the TCGA database,to provide a molecular basis for the widespread gender differences in cancer.Based on the preliminary analysis of bladder cancer,we found that the propensity scoring method can effectively reduce the impact of covariates on the analysis results,and we utilized transcriptome data as the analysis entrance to explore gender differences.According to the mortality risk ratio of male and female patients published in the Global Journal of Cancer Statistics,we selected 13 types of cancer from the TCGA database as the research cancers,analyzed the expression differences of sex hormone receptor genes between men and women,and then used genetic algorithms combined with support vectors machine to select the pattern genes that can explain the gender differences of patients to the greatest extent.We found that sex hormone receptors did not show gender differential expression between TCGA control samples.Among 13 types of cancer,only renal papillary cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma patients had sex differential expression of lutein receptors.By comparing the classification results,we found that the sex characteristic genes selected based on genetic algorithms are more able to distinguish the sex tags of patients than the most statistically significant genes.At the same time,we found that the oncogene DDX43,which is affected by the regulation of methylation,shows the characteristics of high expression in male patients on average in bladder cancer,lung squamous cell carcinoma,cutaneous melanoma and rectal adenocarcinoma.The phenomenon of tumors predisposing to men is consistent.Compared with female patients,the average methylation degree of the oncogene DDX43 promoter is lower in male patients.Since the hypermethylation of the gene promoter can inhibit the transcriptional expression of the gene,this may be a factor that affects the gender difference in cancer One.At the same time,we also found genes involved in drug metabolism in characteristic genes,which may be related to the difference in drug metabolism rates between male and female patients.