The Inter Relationship Among Post-traumatic Stress Disorder,Copy Style,and Social Support In The Human Population Of The War Affected Areas Of Pakistan Due To US-Afghanistan Conflict

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a serious condition which may evolve after stressful events a broad variety of research has centered on PTSD in the military,since these persons are often subject to stress during service in conflict or war zones.PTSD is a global threat and not restricted to any special group of people.However,to date,very limited studies have evaluated the influence of war,military operation,blasts,and terrorist attacks associated with trauma in civilians.If the trauma is not handled properly and timely in war-affected people,it will lead to serious mental mental issues,includind PTSD.Because of its strong incidence in conflict environments,special attention is focused on PTSD and features,causing its developmental vulnerability.The war-affected people develop special types of copy styles which are serious not only for the patients himself but also for the society in late stages.To cope with such kind of situations,proper social support is needed.Although the majority of Pakistanis were affected and developed serious mental health issues because of under the conflicts and military operations after joining the America in 2001 against war in terror in Afghanistan.However,no one attempted to explore the PTSD development in war affected areas of Pakistan.Thus the current study was designed with objectives to study the prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder in war-affected areas of Pakistan.Moreover,the association of PTSD severity associated with various factors and copy styles developed by PTSD patients affected due to war.Finally,the Inter-relation of social support,coping style,and PTSD in war-affected people was revealed.For this purpose,we selected 700 people affected due to war either financially,physically,or mentally.Out of them,160 samples were declared for PTSD positive.The sample selection was based on demographic data,including age,sex,income,level of education,marital status,and exposure to terrorist attacks.During this study we used a demographic sheet,social support scales,general health-related information performa,and also open-ended questioners.Besides,past war-related traumatic checklists were also used in this study.The questioners in English were translated into Urdu and Pashtu.One self-report questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of PTSD.Symptom levels of PTSD were measured using the Impact of Event ScaleRevised(IES-R).Features of the terrorist attack were examined with the Attack Experience Questionnaire(TAEQ)developed for the current project.Moreover,the data were collected from the hospital about the wounded,other medical history experienced due to terrorist orconflicts.Moreover the socio-demographic variables such as age,education,sex,occupation,marital status,income,and nature of incidents were collected during a scheduled interview with participants.Coping Styles Questionnaire and Responses to Intrusions Questionnaire(RIQ)based on the model of emotions were performed for the current study.To measure social support,we selected a social support rating scale containing ten items and three dimensions(objective support,subjective support,and support utilization).Besides,we also used an adopted edition of the Social Support Inventory(SSI)was used to examine the levels of alleged social support.Our findings revealed that PTSD due to war was higher in males compared to females.Furthermore,we noticed that the frequency of PTSD was significantly higher in low income,less educated,married,and exposed to attack in early days(40-60 days)groups.Similarly,we found minimization,blame,suppression,revenge,emotion-focused,and problem associated copying were dominantly linked to PTSD patients.The copy style suppression,blame and revenge was noticed significantly dominants in all groups compared to emotion-focused coping,the problem associated copying and minimization.Furthermore,we evaluated the different types of social supports in recovered PTSD patients.We noticed that the PTSD percentage was higher in people who were getting low social support and vise versa.Altogether we concluded from our findings that PTSD is prevalent in the war-affected areas of Pakistan.Moreover,our data showed that marital status,less education,financial status,exposure to attacks and age are the factors that increase the susceptibility to PTSD.The PTSD patients developed some negative and serious copy styles which should be treated on time.Finally,based on our study,we recommended that social support is an effective strategy to overcome the severity and frequency of PTSD.