In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Test Of Chinese Herbal Monomers Against Sporothrix Globosa

Background:Sporotrichosis is a cutaneous and sub-cutaneous disease caused by fungus in humans and also some other mammals.The causative agent of the disease is the fungus belonging to specie Sporothrix especially the subspecies of S.brasiliensis,S.globosa,and S.schenckii sensu strico.The distribution of infections related to Sporothrix globosa is almost worldwide and has been affecting people from Asian countries like Latin America,Spain,and Madagascar.Sporothrix globosa has been known to be an endemic in Jilin province which is in the North Eastern side of China and is responsible for causing Sporotrichosis.The number of fungal infections caused by the fungal agent has been increasing and the disease has been spreading across the global.The disease caused by the fungal agent is called Sporotrichosis.The role of environment is important for the disease spread,because the agent is present in the environment where a person works or present.Environment plays an important role of the occurrence of the disease,and the primary infection is caused by the surrounding environment of a person.This means that the role of occupation is especially important.As the fungus,naturally occurs in the vegetative areas,the people having occupation related to plants that is the farmers,gardeners,nursery workers and foresters are at high risk of infecting themselves with the fungal hyphae during their work.The body parts of the professionals get exposed and get affected as a result of the traumatic inoculation.The common treatment of the fungal infection is the use of oral potassium iodide(KI)and itraconazole(ICZ)for the time period of three to six months.As in severe cases,the fungal infection can also affect the bones and joints of the body and the same medicine could be used for the time period of twelve months.Another treatment for the cutaneous Sporotrichosis is through cryosurgery which is also not affordable for the local low-income community and agricultural workers.Developments have been made in the traditional herbal medicines made from the Chinese herbs.A number of Chinese herbs have the capability to treat the fungal infections and their extracts which can also be used for the treatment of Sporotrichosis.The use of Sanguizuo oil against the family of Sporothrix has been studied.The Chinese herbal medicines that can be used for the drug preparation related for the treatment of Sporotrichosis include Berberine hydrochloride,paeonol,allicin,matrine,chrysophanol,saponin,ostridin and cantharidin.Along with these another product Amphotericin B(AMB)can also be used in combination with the other drugs to make effective medicine for the treatment of Sporotrichosis.Chinese traditional medicines have also been called as the Eastern herbal medicines and these have been in use for a long time now,for the treatment of various infections and diseases.The diseases vary from mild to acute to chronic and also for the infections caused by fungi or bacteria.Objective:The main objectives of this study are to observe the antifungal effect of 10 Chinese herbal monomers against Sporothrix globosa in vitro.Methods:In vitro micro broth dilution method was used to analyze the effect of 20 strains of S.globosa of 10 Chinese herbal monomers,along with antifungal susceptibilities test.Results:Geometric mean of the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was ranged from 53.82 μg/mL to >1024 μg/mL.it was determined that the effects of Allicin,matrine,berberine,paeonol,osthole were the best while the geometric means of these were 53.82 μg/mL,84.45 μg/mL,103.97 μg/mL,137.19 μg/mL and 284.05 μg/mL,respectively.It was also noted that the strongest was Allicin,and the range of MIC was 16 μg / mL-128 μg / mL.The range of minimum fungicide concentration(MFC)was 64 μg/mL to >1024 μg/mL.While the lowest value of MFC is attained by Allicin and GM is 415.87 μg/mL.Conclusion: It was concluded that Chinese herbal monomers included,Allicin,berberine,matrine,osthole and paeonol could effective kill Sporothrix globosa.However,there is significant difference of antifungal activities among Chinese herbal monomers.