Study On The Cognition Of Smoking Hazard And Quit Smoking Behavior Of Male Urban Residents In Chongqing

ObjectiveBased on the domestic and foreign theoretical basis of smoking hazard cognition and smoking cessation,this study investigated the smoking status of male urban residents in chongqing,understood the status quo of smoking and the general characteristics of smoking cessation behavior of urban males,analyzed the influencing factors of smoking hazard cognition and smoking cessation behavior,as well as the influencing factors of the relationship between smoking hazard cognition and smoking cessation behavior,discussed the mediating effect of smoking quantity on smoking hazard cognition and smoking cessation attitude.To propose the reference measures and suggestions for reducing tobacco use rate and improving residents’ health.Methods1.Sampling method: The survey adopted the method of multi-stage random sampling design.Firstly,to selected two districts(Yuzhong districtand Shapingba district)of the main city of Chongqing.Then,four communities in each district were selected by multi-stage random sampling,and several families were randomly selected from each community.Finally,a male aged 15 and above was randomly selected from the selected families for face-to-face household investigation.2.Questionnaire survey: The questionnaire wasbased on Survey questionnaire on the health status of urban residents in 2016 of The Behavior Model of Self-quit Smoking: A Study of Group-based Policy Evidence.The questionnaire is self-filled.Before the formal survey,the questionnaire is pre-surveyed and corrected according to the feedback of the questionnaire.3.Literature research: Choose the appropriate retrieval method,including Chinese Selected Doctoral Dissertations and Master’s Theses Full-Text Databases(CDMD),China Academic Journals Full-text Database(CJFD),Chinese Selected and technology Journal Databases(VIP),Medline and EBSCO,to collect domestic and foreign research literature on smoking and quitting status(journal articles,books,government working papers,policy reports,etc.)On the basis of extensive reading,has an in-depth understanding of the tobacco use situation and the current status of smoking cessation in China,and summarizes the countermeasures and measures at home and abroad to reduce the tobacco use rate.4.Statistical analysis: In order to ensure the accuracy of the data,EpiData3.1 two-way entry was used to establish the database and conduct logical verification.SPSS23.0 was used for data processing and statistical analysis,including descriptive statistical analysis,single-factor statistical analysis,multi-factor statistical analysis and mediating effect analysis.Likert Scale was used to analyze the degree of cognition and attitude of smoking hazard.Results1.The overall situation: In this study,a total of 1034 questionnaires were issued,and 1001 effective questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 96.81%.Age between 15~93 years old,the average age was 37.72±14.79 years old.51.6% of households have smoking restrictions,and 64% of workplaces have smoking restrictions.31.1% were exposed to secondhand smoke almost every day,and 9.8% of respondents regularly saw tobacco ads in the last six months;26.3%t of the respondents had never seen a tobacco control campaign in the past six months.2.The smoking status: The smoking rate was 53.95% among 540 smokers,including current smokers and past smokers.The minimum age was 15 years old,the maximum age was 80 years old,and the average age was 41.62±13.99 years old.There were 435 current smokers,the smoking rate was 43.46%,and the average age was 40.13±13.55 years old.The influence of age,education,marital status and occupation on smoking wasstatistically significant(P < 0.001).The difference of smoking hazard cognitive among smoking experience was statistically significant(Z=-12.837,P <0.001).3.The quit-smoking status: Among the 257 people who had quit-smoking,the quit rate was 47.59%,and the average age was43.49±14.48 years old.105 people had successful to quit-smoking,the successful-quit-smoking rate was 40.86%,and the average age was 41.09 ?14.58 years old.The smoking cessation attitudes of people with different smoking experiences were statistically significant(Z=-6.992,P<0.001).Multi-factor analysis shows that the older(OR=0.316,95% CI:0.123 ~0.815),where family smoking rules are looser(OR=0.068,95%CI:0.013~0.341)are risk factors to successful-quit-smoking.Cognition of smoking hazards(OR=5.237,95% CI:1.184~23.178),the higher the level of education(OR=2.996,95% CI:1.501 ~ 5.979)and not call a quit-smoking hotline(OR=21.666,95% CI:2.605~180.208)are protective factors to successful-quit-smoking.4.Analysis of mediating effect:Among current smokers,the average age is 39.88±13.23 years old,the average age of smoking initiation is19.09±5.01 years old,and the average smoking amount is 21.42±19.03 pack years.The mediating effect test showed that smoking decisional balance and smoking-cessation attitude had a significant direct prediction(B=0.12,t=6.69,P<0.001),and a significant negative predictor of smoking(B=-0.50,t=-5.02,P<0.001).The negative predictor of smoking amount on smoking-cessation attitude was significant(B=-0.03,t=-3.38,P<0.001).The mediating effect of smoking amount accounted for 10.63% among the total effect of smoking decisional balance in those who smoking-cessation attitude while the direct effect accounted for 89.37% among the total effect.Conclusion1.Compared with the past,Chinese residents’ awareness of the harm of smoking has been improved,but it is still not comprehensive.Some residents believe that smoking is not particularly harmful and that lung cancer has nothing to do with smoking.While acknowledging the dangers of smoking,people also believe that smoking brings certain social benefits,which makes smokers a cognitive paradox of the dangers of smoking.2.Chongqing residents have weak awareness of tobacco control at home and in the workplace,loose restrictions on tobacco control in families and work units,severe exposure to second-hand smoke,insufficient publicity and education by the government and the society,and people seldom see tobacco control propaganda.3.The smoking rate of male residents in the main city of Chongqing is relatively high,and smoking is affected by age,educational level and occupation.The middle and old people with low educational level are the key smoking population,and the retirees,unemployed or unemployed people are the key smoking population.4.The situation of quitting smoking in Chongqing is relatively good,but the attitude of quitting smoking is very negative.It also needs the action of social or government organizations to persuade and encourage smokers to actively quit smoking.Smoking cessation is affected by many factors.Older age,lower awareness of the dangers of smoking,lower education,family smoking without smoking restrictions and calling the quit line were risk factors for success.5.The smoking cessation attitude of smokers is related to age,educational level and smoking quantity.The lower the age,culture level,smoking,the greater the stop smoking,the more negative attitude6.Weighing the pros and cons of smoking has a great impact on quitting smoking,and improving smokers’ awareness of the pros and cons of smoking and the harm of smoking can effectively improve the quit rate.