Fabrication Of 3D Printed Polyetherimide (PEI) Porous Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold In Vitro Biocompatibility And Osteogenic Induction

Background:Every year,more than 15 million people worldwide suffer from accidents,traumas or diseases that cause fractures or bone defects,and the continuity or integrity of bone tissue is disrupted.After good reduction and sufficient fixation,the bone tissue completes self-healing;however,10% of patients still have large bone defects due to large bone defects,infections,and other complications that cause bone tissue non-union,which can cause disability and deformity,which affects patients’ daily lives Life,causing a heavy social burden.Bone tissue engineering technology is an emerging scientific research technology for the treatment of bone defect diseases,which aims to induce functional bone regeneration and restore the anatomical structure and function of bone tissue through the combined therapy of orthopedic biomaterials,functional cells and biological factors.In view of the lack of inherent properties of existing orthopedic biomaterials,research in the field of bone tissue engineering is often carried out by modifying the base material and developing new biomaterials.Polyetherimide as a non-crystalline special engineering plastic with good physical and chemical properties,wide sources,and cheaper raw materials.In the field of biomedicine,it has been proven to be a potential material for the preparation of biological mixed organ membranes and hemodialysis membranes,showing good blood and histocompatibility;in bone tissue engineering research,PEI has been initially verified for biocompatibility It is good,and it has been prepared into an irregular porous structure by electrospinning,solvent casting and particle leaching.However,no research has been conducted on the biocompatibility and osseointegration ability of regular porous scaffolds manufactured by PEI through 3D printing technology.This study intends to prepare a 3D-PEI regular porous scaffold by 3D printing technology and study its biocompatibility and ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro.Objective:To explore the biocompatibility of 3D-PEI porous scaffolds in vitro and the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro.Methods:Regularly porous 3D-PEI scaffolds were prepared by a self-developed high-temperature 3D printer.Scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine were used for material characterization and mechanical testing.Bone marrow washing and whole bone marrow culture were used to obtain and culture rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).),BMSCs were inoculated into each group of materials,and the cytotoxicity of the materials was analyzed using LIVE / DEAD cell staining and cell counting;fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe cell adhesion and growth morphology;cell counting was used to detect cell proliferation in each group of samples;The ability of materials to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs cells in vitro was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining and alizarin red staining.Results:In this study,a 3D-PEI scaffold with a regular porous structure with a pore size of 800 μm was successfully prepared by using a self-developed high-temperature 3D printer by means of molten layer molding.The PEI and 3D-PEI were similar to normal bone cancellous tissue by a universal test machine Modulus of elasticity and good mechanical properties;Cytotoxicity tests confirmed that both PEI and 3D-PEI scaffolds made at two high temperatures were basically non-toxic.BMSCs adhered to the surface of the material and proliferated well.Obvious cell pseudopods were observed by electron microscopy.generate.Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that both PEI and 3D-PEI can promote BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and calcium nodule deposition.Conclusion:In this study,a polyetherimide porous bone tissue engineering scaffold(3D-PEI)was successfully prepared using a high-temperature 3D printer independently developed.The scaffold has good biocompatibility,is basically non-toxic,and is conducive to the adhesion of BMSCs.The porous structure is Cell proliferation provides sufficient space and has the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro.The use of 3D printing technology to produce PEI regular porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds is expected to become a personalized method for treating bone defects.