Event-related Potentials Study Of Short-term Abstinence On The Wrong Response Of Smokers

Tobacco is one of the most serious public health problems in the world,and more than eight million people die from smoking-related diseases every year.Tobacco contains at least 69 carcinogens,and smoking is equivalent to chronic suicide.So far,the number of smokers in China ranks first in the world.In 2018,the smoking rate of people aged 15 and over in China reached 26.6%.According to the statistics of the World Health Organization,the global smoking rate declined for the first time in the decade from 2007 to 2017,a relative decrease of 10%.However,the number of adolescent smokers among smokers is gradually increasing,and the age of first-time smoking is becoming younger.Adolescents are in a critical period of growth and development.The neurophysiology of their brains is constantly developing and changing.This period is extremely susceptible to external factors.Most smokers know that smoking is harmful to their health and even many people tried to quit but failed.This is because abstinence will disrupt the monitoring system involving cognitive function,leading to the cognitive control system obstacles.At the same time,abstinence can also cause withdrawal symptoms of smokers,such as craving,impulsiveness,anxiety,depression and so on,which may lead to the failure of smoking cessation and relapse.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the cognitive effects of smoking cessation on the neural mechanism of adolescent smoking addiction.Although smokers know that smoking may cause adverse consequences and express strong desire to quit smoking,they still fail to quit and lead to relapse.This article studies one aspect of cognitive control that may lead to adverse consequences: error monitoring.In daily life,errors are inevitable.Error monitoring is an integral part of the performance monitoring system,which plays a vital role in behavior regulation and cognitive control.We adjust and optimize our behavior based on the errors we monitor to prevent interference with subsequent behaviors.Electroencephalogram(EEG)has the characteristics of high time resolution,which can record millisecond level potential changes and real-time measure human cognitive processing.Therefore,this article uses EEG method to study.In addition,there are few studies on the error monitoring ability of ERP in adolescent smokers,and the relationship between error processing ability and abstinence is unclear.This article mainly studies the changes of event-related potentials and behavior in 20 adolescent smokers before and after 12 hours of abstinence,so as to explore whether their cognitive control ability is abnormal.Two experiments were conducted in the same subjects within 1-3 weeks:(1)smoking as usual(satiety)and(2)quitting for more than 12 hours(abstinence).Through the flanker flank stimulation task,two components related to errors in ERP are used: error-related negativity(ERN)and error positive potential(Pe).ERN appears within 150 ms after an error occurs,reflecting In view of the early and unconscious error processing.Pe appears within 200 ms to 400 ms after the error occurs,reflecting the conscious processing of the error.Both are in different error processing stages of the same error processing system.Behavioral data is processed with E-prime software.The results showed that after 12 hours of abstinence,the Pe amplitude of adolescent smokers decreased significantly,and the withdrawal symptoms tended to increase.Studies have shown that smokers have reduced error processing after a 12-hour abstinence,which may be caused by withdrawal.Our findings may provide new ideas for the neural mechanisms of adolescent smokers after abstinence.