| BackgroundChildren,from 0 to 6 years old,are in the critical period and rapid growth stage of growth and development.Healthy growth in childhood lays a good foundation for health and development in adulthood.Meanwhile,the level of children’ growth is an important symbol of the civilization of a country’s economic and social development.The study of children’s growth and development is to improve our country’s public health foundation,the future human resources,reduce the health resources consumption caused by the unhealthy growth and development,increase the value and benefits of the social capital output and the overall quality of the national economy.Therefore,the promotion of children’s development is of great strategic significance to comprehensively improve the quality of the Chinese population and build a strong country with human resources.ObjectiveThis study,through the analysis of children’s growth and development index who have enjoyed the children health care service in the health service center of the Qinlou district community in Donggang,Rizhao,Shandong province during the year 2012 and 2018,is to evaluate the regional growth and development status of children aged 0 to 6,discuss the issue of its growth and development and its influence factors,and put forward targeted measures and suggestions,so we can better provide guidance on the heath care work of the children aged from 0 to 6 in the health care service center within their respective jurisdictions,provide the research basis and reference for the improvement of the children’s growth and development of the same area.Subjects and Methods1.SubjectsThe research data were obtained from the child health service data of the child health service department of the Qinlou street community health service center,Donggang district,Rizhao city,Shandong province,and children who received physical examination in the community health service center from 2012 to 2018 were selected as the research subjects.A total of 2585 children were enrolled in this study.2.Analytical methodsAccording to the research contents,the relevant physical examination data in children’s health care files were double-input in excel,and SPSS21.0 was used for data processing and data analysis.The results of quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation,and the results of qualitative indicators were expressed as frequency and composition ratio.Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis of classified data,t-test was used for univariate analysis of two groups of quantitative data,and Anova was used for univariate analysis of multiple groups of quantitative data.Multivariate analysis was performed using unconditional logistic regression.Results1.Basic characteristics of the research objectA total of 2,585 children were enrolled in this study,including 1341 boys(5 1.88%)and 1244 girls(48.12%).There were 2148 children(83.09%)from rural areas and 437 children(16.91%)from urban areas.There were 1313(50.79%)cases of natural birth and 1272(49.21%)cases of cesarean section.2349(90.87%),90(3.48%)premature babies and 24(0.93%)overdue babies were born at full term.Normal birth weight was 2,177(84.22%),low birth weight was 95(3.67%),and macrosomia was 313(12.11%).There were no statistical differences in cesarean section ratio,preterm delivery rate,mean birth weight,low birth weight and macrosomia distribution in different years.2.Infant development within 12 months(including 12 months)The mean birth length of the 2,585 children was(50.44±1.98)cm,and the mean BMI of the newborn was(13.51±1.40)kg/m2.There was no statistical difference in the newborn body length,the BMI of the newborn boys and girls,and the birth BMI of the newborn in different years.According to WHO’s BMI percentile standard for newborns,the proportion of BMI≥85th was 16.21%,among which 17.54%were boys and 14.79%were girls,showing no statistical difference.The proportion of newborns with BMI≥95th was 4.91%,among which 4.63%were boys and 5.23%were girls,with no statistical difference.The mean BMI at the full moon was(16.13±1.70)kg/m2,and there was a statistical difference in BMI at the full moon within seven years(P<0.01),with the highest average in 2014 and the lowest in 2012.The proportion of BMI≥85th in boys and girls was 48.89%and 44.90%,respectively(2=3.85,P=0.05).The proportion of BMI≥95th at the full moon was 25.35%,and the proportion of BMI≥95th at the full moon was 26.07%and 24.65%respectively for boys and girls,with no statistical difference.At the age of 6 months,the average weight of the infants was(8.66±1.11)kg,the average body length was(67.46±2.46)cm,and the average BMI was(19.03±2.03)kg/m2.There were statistical differences in the distribution of body weight,body length and BMI in different years(P<0.05).The proportion of BMI≥85th in 6-month-old infants was 52.00%,and that of boys and girls was 54.97%and 48.77%,respectively.The proportion of BMI≥95th was 31.23%,34.28%for boys and 27.93%for girls.At the age of 12 months,the average body weight was(10.57±1.21)kg,the average body length was(76.11±2.30)cm,and the average BMI was(18.22±1.67)kg/m2.The proportion of BMI≥85th in 12-month-old infants was 49.49%,50.70%in boys and 48.15%in girls.The proportion of BMI±95th was 27.09%,29.18%for boys and 24.76%for girls.3.Weight,body length and BMI between 2 and 6 years oldThe mean BMI of children and boys from 2 to 5 years old was higher than that of girls(P<0.05),and there was no gender difference in BMI of children at 6 years old(P>0.05).A total of 1,445 children were overweight,and the overweight rate was 37.75%.Among them,829 were boys,accounting for 41.43%,and 616 were girls,accounting for 33.72%.A total of 717 people(18.73%)were obese,including 450 boys(22.49%)and 267 girls 14.61%).The proportion of overweight in children aged 2-6 was 40.09%,33.69%,40.92%,37.67%and 29.86%,respectively.The proportion of overweight in boys aged 2 was higher than that in girls(P<0.05).The obesity rates of children aged 2 to 6 were 18.29%,16.51%,21.97%,28.08%and 18.75%,respectively.4.Incidence of anemiaThe results of hemoglobin test showed that A total of 1170 people were anemic,with an anemia rate of 21.80%,of whom 20.70%were moderately anemic and 1.10%were moderately and severely anemia.The incidence of anemia was higher in children at 6 months and 8 months,32.52%and 34.02%,respectively.The incidence of anemia was mainly mild anemia,accounting for 30.94%and 31.10%,and the incidence of anemia at moderate and above was 1.61%and 2.93%,respectively.The incidence of anemia was 17.59%at 1 8 months and 16.03%at 3 years old.5.Dental cariesThe total prevalence of dental caries was 5.24%,and the difference of the prevalence of dental caries among children at different ages was significant(p<0.01).The incidence of dental caries increased with the growth of children’s age.The prevalence of dental caries in children aged 18 months to 6 years increased with age,and the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 4 years old,5 years old and 6 years old reached 15.18%,30.61%and 43.75%respectively.6.Analysis of influencing factors of childhood obesity and anemiaAnalysis of influencing factors of childhood obesity shows that compared with rural children,urban children(OR=3.73,95%ci:2.78-4.99)have a higher risk of obesity.Compared with breast-fed children after birth,children with mixed feeding had a higher risk of obesity(OR=1.34,95%ci:1.10-1.63).Urban children and mixed feeding after birth were risk factors for childhood obesity.Analysis of influencing factors of childhood anemia showed that compared with urban children,rural children(OR=3.06,95%ci:1.23～7.59)had a higher risk of anemia.Children with low birth weight had a higher risk of anemia than children with normal birth weight(OR=1.1 2,95%ci:1.002～1.52).The risk of anemia was higher for postpartum infants than for full-term infants(OR=4.38,95%ci:1.46～1 3.15).Rural children,low birth weight children,expired children are risk factors for anemia in children.ConclusionThe proportion of delivery of newborn was high,the proportion of overdue delivery was relatively low,and the proportion of macrosomia was high,suggestion that premature delivery and excessive newborn weight had become a problem should not be ignored.Fetal overnutrition may be an important reason for the high cesarean section rate in this community.Low weight malnutrition in children is relatively rare,but overweight and obesity are more prominent.The promotion and education of reasonable diet and exercise among children should be strengthened to improve the problem of overweight and obesity among children.Anemia within 1 year old is also common,with a high incidence of anemia at 6 months and 8 months of age,followed by 18 months and 3 years of age,most of which are mild anemia.Some age groups are higher than the national level.Children health care institutions should popularize the knowledge of infant and young child feeding to reduce the incidence of anemia.The prevalence of dental caries is higher in children aged 12 months-6 years old and increases with age.The main reason is the lack of knowledge and attention to children’s dental health.More attention should be paid to overweight and obesity among urban children and children on post-birth mixed feeding and to anemia among rural children,low birth weight children and premature children.These problems found in this study should be paid enough attention to in the work of maternal and child health care institutions to strengthen the publicity,education and guidance of health care knowledge during pregnancy and childhood. |
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