| After the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War broke out,the Japanese aggressors looted and led to the emergence of a large number of waifs in China.Their tragic situation aroused social attention,set off the climax of the call for waifs and raised groundbreaking recommendations for waifs,since then there started a massive rescue of waifs.The national government from the system built the basic principles and policies of child care relief work,the community patriotic groups began to create charitable mechanisms to participate in the rehabilitation of child rescue work.Ms Guo Dejie responded to the call actively,With the support of the Central Committee,she set up a charity relief agency named Guilin Child Asylums,which predominantly aimed to take care of the waifs.Guilin Child Asylums was established with the support of official and private capital,a charitable organization of a special nature-not only a direct correctional institutions under a national government,but also a private charity with distinctive personality under the influence of Ms.Guo Dejie,had a very hard initial stage at the beginning of Anti-Japanese War and the difficult transition of the late period of the Anti-Japanese War.Its parenting style and modern charitable concept were deeply influenced by the public during the Anti-Japanese War,meanwhile,compatible with Guo Dejie Dean of the educational philosophy of saving the country and humanistic emotional care,follow the unity of the new type of charitable education policy.lt emphasized on waifs’ knowledge education,mental training,discipline training,labor production training,scout training,vocational training,etc,to transfer the value of the traditional negative charitable relief idea to active voluntary relief concept.Guilin Child Asylums mainly accommodates the poor children in Guilin and the surrounding areas,the children of the civil servants inside the new Gui line group and the refugees who have fled from the enemy-occupied areas.With the development of the nursing home and the war situation,the size of the rescue was changing a lot,there were more than 1,200 people accommodated.The operation mode is mainly in the administrative regulations of the National Government Economic Committee,and under the combination of their own actual situation,they adjust ad improve administrative efficiency,expand the funding sources,strengthen the management of expenditure,allocating school level,arranging teaching equipment and teachers well,which effectively guarantee the parenting effect in asylum.Guilin Child Asylums in practice gradually formed its own educational characteristics.On the basis of fully considering the practical needs of the asylums,children’s brigades have been organized outside the class system so that the children are accustomed to militarization and actively carry out working education and cultivating the working skills,so as to sharpen the quality of children.At the same time,this could develop the teacher’s role both in classroom and life,formed a clear-cut unity of the concept of education.Guilin Child Asylums relief work,in the concept of the implementation of the national government’s wartime principles,in action on the formation of the hospital’s relief priority characteristics,adhere to the relief as the center to work,patriotic and military wartime education,and to cultivate the survivability of children to ensure that children grow into a practical anti-Japanese founding talent.In the process of salvation,the asylum has established the national concept of moral education as a key step,trying to guide the children through the various forms and ways to love the country,and develop the unity and mutual assistance and make progress up the spirit of cultivating children’s moral personality.So that the refugees during the war of resistance have got the effective relief and good education for the future development of life,which has laid a knowledge base,and reshaped the behavior of the child’s personality,the soul of the child built a strong spiritual pillar,their growth is undoubtedly for the war of resistance to founding the country to cultivate the talent for the future construction of the country to build a reserve force;at the same time in the practice of refuge and refuge education,through the Boy Scout training,to train the military’s military quality and patriotism education and improve the child’s protection awareness of the country,so that the behavior of children will promote the social mobilization of war,boost morale,make a contribution to the wartime society.At the government level,the operation and development of t Guilin Child Asylums has promoted the official rescue ideas and mechanisms to the society,promoted the nationalization of the refugee relief business,and further infiltrated the philanthropy by the state power.However,under such a terrible war environment and a condition of continuous natural and man-made disasters,these folk charity organization still existed with many insurmountable difficulties,lacking of motivation and sustainable development mechanism.It mainly reflected on the lack of money which caused life and study plight of the children,the different levels of educated workers,and the backward concept needed to upgrade and it failed to set up a complete and orderly children relief system,in particular,the oversight mechanism is not sound,so sustainable development can’t proceed in the late periods.From the perspective of Guilin Child Asylums to scan the charity relief mechanism during the Anti-Japanese War period,we can say that charity relief agencies have formed three-dimensional relief structures of the government-led and wide social participation.In the relief concept,organization form,educational content and methods to achieve a new breakthrough in the traditional charity,but also to promote the national government to form national legislation to protect children’s welfare,It created a new model of modern relief charity and accelerated the modernization of the modern children’s welfare. |
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