Research On Integrated Dialectics Of Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre was an important representative of Western Marxism.He opposed the trend of modern Western analytical philosophy,and unfurled the banner of dialectical reason.Sartre pointed out that the methods of analytical reason and empirical analysis have limitations.And he argued that dialectical thinking methods and dialectical reason would have great advantage in the study of human history by personal and intergrated practice.The Criticism of Dialectic Reason is a famous scholarly work on western Marxism of Sartre.Being based on critically inherit the dialectical western philosophy theories of ancient Greek in the history,the thought of Kant and Hegel in Germany as well as the dialectical tradition of Marxism,Sartre established his unique dialectical theory which could apply it to the study of social history from a perspective of existentialism.Sartre,we may say,developed the dialectics of Marxism,and provided important theoretical papers.Sartre denied the existence of dialectics in nature,and he criticized the legitimacy questions of the dialectical existence in nature from the angle of existentialism according to its subject characteristic.He took the view that Max payed more attention to class and community instead of individual,thus he put his point of view with “Man Absence”.Sartre was regarded as Marxist,because he was concerned about issues which were studying by Max,and he persevered in using the Marxist stand,viewpoint and method to study the matters.He said,Marx is one of the greatest thinker beyond a miracle at that epoch.Sartre made a hard and remarkable exploration,he thought it is a significant supplement of Marxism.What’s more,his theories included integrated theory,interactive theories(Individual-Individual and Individual and group),transcendental theory,and so on.All in all,he wanted to use his theories to solve existing problems.My thesis contains four chapters from a vertical perspective on human history.Firstly,the Dialectic should trace back to the making a start of the Sophists in ancient Greece.We have to understand the meaning of dialectics which had developed and changed over time up to Rome.Any proposition contains contradiction which is made of pros and cons.Plato came up with division and synthesis of thinkingmodel.Aristotele focused on the dialectics of analysis and induction.Sartre fell under the influence of these traditional views on contradictory dialectics.Secondly,this paper will continually explore the direct source of Sartre’s dialectical theories from the thoughts of Kant and Hegel.Kant divided the world in half——intellectual world and rational world.He discoveryed antinomy and found out dialectic in the ethical field.While Hegel endow dialectic with sense of history,and it would nverthless affect other philosophers and later scholars,including Sartre.Thirdly,Sartre severed Marx thought from Marxism.Sartre carried further the ideas of Marx,and gave high evaluation on him.He thought individual is brought into historic process by Marx,and Absolute Idea was substituted by Materialism.Sartre argued against dialectics of nature which belong to Friedrich Engels,and he wanted get away from the dogmatic dialectics of the Soviet Union toward the theory of Marxism.Dialectics is nonexistent in nature,human is related to dialectics.Affirmation and negation mean noting to nature.He regarded the rule of nature as a type of Mechanical Determinism,it didn’t have any self-denial and self-transcendence.In addition,the greastest characteristic of dialectics was integrated,while the nature is infinite.Forth,I lay emphasis on the study of detailed dialectics of Sartre,the content covered integrated characteristics,contradiction,negativism and related methodology.and,I will use a comparative research method to study and analyse the similarities and differences of dialectics between Sartre and his predecessors,then I will give an objective evaluation.The aim is fully understanding the substance of Sartre’s dialectics.In a word,Sartre did more efforts to promote the progress of proletarian rights and the spread of Marxism under the condition of capitalism,we depict him a left-wing spiritual leader of Western society.As an existentialist,Sartre tried to explore the way of happiness and liberation for the working people of capitalist society under certain historical conditions,although he criticized historical dialectics of Marxism and natural dialectics of Engels which is still controversial.We can say that his dialectical theories are a plentiful treasure house of intelligence which is worth excavating continuously.