A Study On Martha Nussbaum’s Theory Of Justice By Approach Of Capabilities

Since 1971,Rawls published the "theory of justice",distributive justice has gradually become a core issue of political philosophy.Amartya Sen created the theory of justice based on capability.However,the theory of Sen is not enough for the basic justice part,and the concept of capability itself has great uncertainty.In order to solve these problems,Nussbaum has made a systematic argument for the theory of justice of the capabilities path(abbreviated as Creating capabilities)from the perspective of political philosophy.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the justice theory of Nussbaum’s capabilities path,its basic idea is as follows:first,to clarify the theoretical background and ideological source of Nussbaum’s creating capabilities,and then analysis the main content of the creating capabilities and its characteristics,the final analysis of the gain and loss of the theory of Nussbaum’s creating capabilities.It is divided into four parts.The first chapter by combing the Nussbaum’s creating capabilities and the theoretical source of the proposed her theory of justice is the lack of the limitation of the contract theory,represented by Rawls,the economics of utilitarianism and the mainstream theory of justice;the establishment of the theory of justice,is based on the related ideas of thinkers such as Aristotle,Adam Smith,Marx and Sen.The second chapter discusses the basic content of Nussbaum’s creating capabilities.The purpose of Nussbaum’s creating capabilities is to use the capability method to provide philosophical proof and theoretical plan for achieving the goal of "let everyone live with the dignity of human beings".From practice,she has concretely transformed competence into operable core competencies,and listed ten core competencies of human beings.These capabilities are regarded as the bottom line requirements of social justice.In her view,society should cultivate the basic core competence of everyone in order to achieve more substantive human freedom.In addition,Nussbaum’s creating capabilities also put forward a social justice plan to cultivate people’s core competency for disabled persons,non personages and global poverty.The third chapter shows the characteristics of Nussbaum’s creating capabilities through the related analysis and comparison.Compared with other justice theories,women care and cosmopolitanism are the two characteristics of Nussbaum’s creating capabilities.First,Nussbaum regards the division of liberalism in the field of public and private as the main reason for the unequal treatment of women.The society should admit that women in the private sector pay,housework and other emotional labor has equal economic value,the only way to eliminate the idea root of women deprived of the ability of this injustice phenomenon,and solve the basic problem of social injustice.Second,Nussbaum has always been concerned about poverty in the world,from the perspective of her cosmopolitanism theory took a source to the Stoics,both for individual countries to provide social justice,as well as to provide guidance for global justice,strive to use ability of solutions between countries due to unequal resource distribution caused by injustice.The fourth chapter makes an analysis on the Nussbaum’s creating capabilities on the basis of the previous article.In this paper,the theory of justice has three distinct advantages:first,the emotional factors into consideration of justice provides a new thinking path,as a theory of justice;second,the disabled,non human and global justice attention to compensate for the lack of contemporary mainstream justice theory;thirdly,compared with the other theory of justice.The creating capabilities to be more persistent in the theory of justice theory itself maneuverability,and effectively apply theory to practice.However,there are still some shortcomings in Nussbaum’s creating capabilities,this is mainly manifested as the concept of creating capabilities introduced into the emotional perspective and easy to fall into the plight of emotionally,which brings a series of practical and operational difficulties.