The Research On The Origin And Evolvement Of Morality In The View Of Evolution

How does human morality originate? How does morality develop and evolve? In view of these problems,the idea of moral evolution under the theory of evolution brings us different from the traditional ethics.This idea demonstrates the origin of human morality by the naturalistic perspective of the theory of biological evolution,and holds that morality has a general evolutionary process of life evolution.Based on the analysis of the evolution from Darwin to the contemporary moral evolution,this paper analyzes the following questions: first,is human morality derived from psychological mechanism or a series of actions? Two.Is the selection unit of moral evolution an individual,a group,or a gene? Three.To understand the blame of the naturalist fallacy at the level of epistemology,and to defend the rationality of the thought of moral evolution.The first chapter mainly discusses Darwin’s conjecture on moral evolution and its impact on the traditional moral theory.Darwin believes that human morality is derived from a social instinct,a social instinct acquired through heredity.Darwin’s conjecture about the biological nature of morality initiated a fatal challenge to the picture of traditional moral philosophy.This conjecture is constantly perfected under the constant revision and argumentation of Darwinism and neo Darwinism,forming the contemporary view of moral evolution based on the theory of evolution.The second chapter focuses on the study of moral psychology at the individual level,and contrasts the theory of moral evolution under the two concepts of development and evolution.Piaget’s theory of cognitive development through observation and guidance on children’s behavior,the use of inquiry,such as test method of psychological experiment observation results were analyzed according to the results of his children’s understanding of changes in the rules will be divided into four stages of development;Kolberg in the Piaget foundation will further improve the theory of cognitivedevelopment,analysis of the structure of moral reasoning the three level of the six stage.But this theory of individual development can not explain the origin of individual moral psychology.Evolutionary theory holds that individual moral psychology originates from an intrinsic adaptability and exists in the form of evolution.Relative to individual psychological interpretation,more biological interpretation is based on the study of biological behavior at the level of group selection.As a prophase form of morality,altruism is the most easy to observe and analyze in a series of Pro social behavior of human and other animals.The third chapter,taking several altruistic selection units as the main line,interprets the evolutionary process of moral behavior.At the same time,it leads to a practical methodology tool of moral evolution-evolutionary game theory.The last chapter defends the rationality of the thought of moral evolution in the epistemology level,which is divided into two parts.One is the blame for the naturalistic fallacy,and the two is the understanding of the evolutionary epistemology.The conclusion puts forward a new comprehensive conception on the basis of summarizing the full text.The origin of morality has congenital factors and acquired factors.Congenital factors are rooted in the endogenous psychological mechanism of individuals;The acquired factor is the coevolution of the environment and a series of Prosocial behaviors.