Primary Research On Human Mobility In Turpan-Hami Basin Xinjiang During The Bronze To The Iron Age Transitional Period

The integration and migration of the "the Western Regions" in prehistoric period has always been one of the issues theacademiccircles concern.The existing archaeological findings show that there have been frequent crowd migrations and Culture interactions in the Turpan-Hami Basin before the Emergence of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty.The Wubao cemetery in the Bronze Age of the Hami Basin,the South Eskexier Cemetery in the early Iron Age and the Jiayi cemetery in the early Iron Age of the Turpan Basin are representative sites of the Bronze-Iron Age in the Turpan-Hami Basin.Skeleton materials provide important materials for studying the prehistoric migration and diet of the Tu-Ha Basin.They are of great significance for the formation of the prehistoric Silk Road and an important part of the historical and cultural studies along the Belt and Road.We conducted three isotopic analyses of carbon,oxygen and strontium on the human bones and animal bones of the above three sites,which provided direct evidence for studying the migration of ancient humans in the Tu-Ha Basin and the dietary habits and subsistence modes of the residents.At the same time,this study evaluated the bioavailable strontium isotope characteristic value of the Tu-Ha Basin by the distribution of strontium isotope ratios of ancient animals and human bones,filling the blank of the biological strontium isotope in the eastern Tianshan area.The first chapter briefly introduces the results of traditional archaeological research in Xinjiang and its shortcomings;the different classification standards of Xinjiang Bronze Age and Iron Age and the author's understanding;the application of isotopic methods in Xinjiang archaeological materials and the highlights of this study.The second chapter introduces the principles of the carbon,oxygen and strontium isotope methods and its applications in archaeology.The third chapter gives a detailed introduction of the archaeological sites and samples in this study,and summarizes the relevant experimental procedures.Chapters 4 to 6 provide an in-depth discussion of the isotopic data and the archaeological cultures.The study combines the results of isotopic analysis with the archaeological background,and reveals the discoveries of the geographical origin and dietary structure of the ancestors of the Tu-Ha Basin from the Bronze to the Early Iron Age:Firstly,there are three clustering intervals for the distribution of the oxygen and isotopic data of the teeth from the Wubao cemetery,indicating that the geographical origin of the ancient residents in the area is diversified,and there is a large proportion of the first generation of outsiders,which is proposed by Wei Dong.The region of Wubao ancient residents is basically consistent with the view of the"transitional race"between the Mongolian race and the Europa race.The oxygen isotope data of the ancestors of the South Eskexier Cemetery and the Wubao cemetery are highly coincident,but the oxygen isotope data of the two cemeteries' samples show a large deviation.Which may caused by the fact that South Eskexier's geological background is similar to Wubao,but the altitude and climate are different.Secondly,the carbon isotope data of the ancestors and animals in the Wubao cemetery and the South Eskexier Cemetery indicate that the proportion of C3 foods in the diet of ancestors and animals was higher in the Hami area dating back to 3200 years ago.At this time,the ancestors have consciously planted barley and millet,and domesticated cattle,sheep and other livestock.The ancestors have various forms of use of animal resources,and hunting behavior is still continued as an effective means of obtaining meat resources.In the early Iron Age,the proportion of C4 food in the diet of the South Eskexier ancestors in the early Iron Age was lower than that of the Wubao in the late Bronze Age.At the same time,the cemetery in t the South Eskexier Cemetery found a sheep very close to the diet of the ancestors.At that time,livestock may have been captive.Thirdly,the isotope data of the ancestors of the Jiayi cemetery are the most scattered.In the center of the Turpan Basin,2700 years ago,the water sourcesare diverse and the population migrates frequently.The beads,gold ornaments and sea shells from the West found in the field archaeological work also confirm the frequent cultural exchanges in the Jiayi area.All in all,the results of this study reveal that the migration and economic models of prehistoric residents in the Tu-Ha Basin are basically in line with the speculation of traditional archaeological studies.About 3200 years ago,there were already populations from different regions gathered together,animal husbandry.Pay equal attention to hunting and master basic agricultural production techniques.This paper supplements the migration of the ancient scorpion isotope in the East Tianshan Mountains with the study of the migration of ancient people in the relevant sites,which is conducive to the understanding of human life economy and activity patterns during this period,and also for the development of prehistoric culture in Xinjiang.The discussion provided important evidence.