A Research On The Chinese Phonological Theory Of Zhao Yiguang At The End Of Ming Danasty

"Shuowen Changjian"(????),wrote by a scholar Zhao Yiguang lived in the end of the Ming Dynasty,who cost of his whole life to study the "Shuo Wen"(??).The book wrote at the same time of Chen Di's "Maoshi Guyinkao"(?????),although it was famous by his reseach of Shuowen,however,it also contained a lot of phonlogical thoughts.This paper is based on it's phonological theory as the starting point,from the ancient phonology,dialectology and phonological rhyme tables three aspects,makes all the effort to collect the material of the text,and to dig deep into its phonological thinking.The main body of this thesis is composed of three chapters,this paper makes an in-depth and meticulous analysis of Zhao Yiguang's theory and method of ancient Chinese phonology,the theoryand method of Chinese dialectology,the theory and method of phonological rhyme tables.Chapter2 first discusses the material and method of ancient phonology from Zhao Yiguang,and gives some explanation to the many materials he cites,so as to have an emotional and intuitive understanding of the method of ancient phonology.Later,we focus on its concept of phonetic symbol system,such as his basic understanding of sinigrams with shared phonetic symbol,phonetic symbol level and phonetic symbol series,phonetic symbol samed with fanqie,ancient and modern reading inconsistent,and so on.The third section to his understanding of ancient Chinese sounds from the initial,rhyme,tone three aspects of the study,such as 'Dongjiang mixed rhyming"(????)"four tonal categories are uncertain"(????)and so we can learn from it.The fourth section focuses on the study of the ancient Chinese phonology of the three scholars,such as the understanding of sinigrams with shared phonetic symbol of the three scholars,the history of language,the ancient tonal theory,the use of materials and so on.Besides,we select Sang Shaoliang "Qingjiao Zazhu"(?? ??)the ancient Chinese phonological thought for the circumstantial evidence,according to this we can view:the understanding of sinigrams with shared phonetic symbol,from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasty,scholars shared the same understanding of the same strain;the history of the language,Zhao Yiguang has the historical thought of phonetic staging,and in order to explain the pronunciation of Han,Tang,and now are different,he said "ancient and now's phonetic system are inconsistent"(????);from the tonal system,Zhao Yiguang" four tonal categories are uncertain"(????)tone view,is the same with Chen Di,also consistent with other scholars at the end of the Ming Dynasty;from the material,Zhao cited plentifully,and also cited Buddhist scriptures,is the performance of the Ming Dynasty scholar Buddhism "aid Buddha into Confucianism"(????).Chapter 3,is mainly to capture the basic view and can reflect the characteristics of the dialect,select the materials can reflect the characteristics of the North Chinese sounds(??)and Wu dialect sounds(??).On the one hand,he thinks that the vulgar can sometimes be used to reflect the sinigrams with shared phonetic symbols and the phonetical materials,and even can juxtapose with the official language;on the other hand,he uphold the "orthodox" concept,the vulgar word,read the ridicule attitude.Sections ?/III,from the initial,rhyme,sound to reflect the North Chinese sound,Wu dialect of the material made all aspects of analysis,and finally select the "Dengyun Tujing"(????),"Shengyun Huitong"(????)and "folk songs"(??)for the North and Wu sound Representation,and "Shuo Wen Chang Jian" for comparison.According to the discovery:1,North Chinese sound at the end of Ming Dynasty,Zhao Yiguang faithful record of Yi(?),Ying(?),Yu(?)together for the zero initials(???),rising tone,"Zhongzhou no entering tone"(????)and voiceless entering tone of North Chinese sound read departing tone,and other voice facts;2,the Wu language at the end of Ming,the initials is to retain voiced of the 28 consonants system,Xia and Yu mixed up,Ri Wei fork and reading sound,"Fei Fang"(??)to retain labials;vowel,"Ge momixedup”(????),"Zhi and Wei into Yu"(????),"the end of theZhen rhyme?Zeng rhyme of the Geng rhyme of the unity";turbidity does not return to the sound,to retain the rhyme,and[-t][-k]fianal confluence.And these phonetic features can be confirmed at the time with the representative of the phonology,Zhao Yiguang records of material faithful and credible.Chapter4,by"Shuowwen Changian"(????)"Siddham Jingzhuan"(????),Zhao Yiguang puts forward the basic thoughts and the practice of the theory and method of phonological rhyme tables.He had a different understanding of the fan(?),qie(?)and the origin of fanqie(??),by the impact of Renchao Gong(???)that he did not stand menfa(??).He also made adjustments to the use of the wuyin(??),the pattern is the fifth order and the pentameter must be closely related to the phonetic,and thus change gong(?)with e yin(?),shang(?)with the laminals(??),jiao(?)with the labials(?),zhi(?)with the dentals(??),yu(?)with the guttural(??).For the classification of finals,he believed that they can be divided into central sound(??),internal sound(??),external sound(??),in fact,from the perspective of the end of the classification,in addition,he also from the main vowel opening degree of view is divided into internal and external sound(?????).About Tone his from the Wu dialect"absolutely there is two rising tones"(??????)starting,set up a "zhan sound"(??).Finally,through the comparison with Sang Shaoliang,Qiao Zhonghe(???)and other scholars at the end of the Ming Dynasty,that the three scholars are in the adaptation of the phonological rhyme tables to make changes in the audition and" comform to the times"(???).Finally,we summed up its gains and losses in Chinese phonology,its outstanding achievements in the ancient Chinese sound theory,combined a variety of research materials to test the the research of ancient Chinese phonolgy by methods,and this can be commendable.But the shortcomings are:it also still left the shadow of"Xie Yun"(??)or "tongzhuann(??),still could not completely get rid of the impact of the concept of predecessors;on the ancient standard of knowledge is still vague to pay more attention of the ancient than today still exists;there is no complete system of collection and induction for the rhyme of "shijing"(?????),but no precipitation of ancient rhyme branch(??).Revelation:must establish a reasonable view of period and district when we research the phonology and phonetic,must use the correct and reliable materials and research methods,must combine with the actual phonetic and textual evidence.