Study On The Group Ownership Effect Of 5-Year-Old Children

The ownership effect of memory is an effective way to explore the self of young children.The self-reference effect(SRE)is also a very important method and means to explore the self.The standard paradigm applied in most developmental SRE studies requires children to recognize abstract personality traits that are relevant to themselves or others.Given this development model,we should use a specific rather than abstract processing task to provide a more appropriate way to explore children’s self-development.Another important concept associated with the self-referential effect is the self-ownership effect.The ownership paradigm requires children to identify and remember the ownership of items that are closely related to our lives,which is relatively easy for children.The social identity theory considers that the self includes personal identity and social identity,and the concept of the group has been included in the self.Based on the above research,in order to further explore the age stage of children’s group ownership effect and the development characteristics of different ages,this study used three experiments to explore the age stage and stability of children’s group ownership effect.Bennett et al.proposed that the 5-year-old psychologically related internal group is already part of the self-system.Therefore,the ages of the children selected in this study are 4,5,and 10 years old.The selected groups are family,class,and nationality.Experiment 1 used a mixed experimental design of 3(4 years old,5 years old,and 10 years old)× 2(internal group reference and external group reference),and the selected group for experiment 1 was a child’s family.In experiment 1,90 subjects first identified the ownership of the item,then reported it,and then let the subject freely recall after two minutes of distraction test.The results of experiment 1 showed that the free recall rate of each age group was significantly different.The free recall rate of the 10-year-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 5-year-old age group and the 4-year-old age group.The free recall rate of the 5-year-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 4-year-old age group.The free recall rate of the group in the 5 year old group and the 10 year old age group was significantly higher than that of the external group,but there was no significant difference between the group free recall rate and the external group free recall rate in the 4 year old age group.Experiment 2 used a mixed experimental design of 3(4 years old,5 years old,and 10 years old)× 2(internal group reference and external group reference),and the selected group for experiment 2 was a child’s class.In experiment 2,90 subjects first identified the ownership of the item,then reported it,and then let the subject freely recall after two minutes of distraction test.The results of experiment 2 showed that the free recall rate of each age group was significantly different.The free recall rate of the 10-year-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 5-year-old age group and the 4-year-old age group.The free recall rate of the 5-year-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 4-year-old age group;The free recall rate of the group in the age group and the 10-year age group was significantly higher than that of the outside group,while the group free recall rate and the free group recall rate in the 4 year old group were not significantly different.Experiment 3 used a mixed experimental design of 3(4 years old,5 years old,and 10 years old)× 2(internal group reference and external group reference),and the selected group for experiment 3 was the nationality of the child.In experiment 3,90 subjects first identified the ownership of the item,then reported it,and then let the subject freely recall after two minutes of distraction test.The results of experiment 3 showed that the free recall rate of each age group was significantly different.The free recall rate of the 10-year-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 5-year-old age group and the 4-year-old age group.The free recall rate of the 5-year-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 4-year-old age group;The free recall rate of the group in the 5 year old group and the 10 year old age group was significantly higher than that of the external group,but there was no significant difference between the group free recall rate and the external group free recall rate in the 4 year old age group.The results of Experiment 1,Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 show that 10-year-old children and 5-year-old children have significant memory superiority effects on the belongings of their own groups,while 4-year-old children do not show this memory superiority effect.Explain that the 5-year-old children began to have a sense of group ownership,showing the memory advantage effect of group ownership.And the free recall rate of the inner group of 10-year-old children is significantly higher than that of the 5-year-old children,indicating that the child group ownership effect shows developmental characteristics.