The Adjustment To Stereotypes

In daily life,people are constantly exposed to a large amount of information,but the processing capacity of people's attention system is limited(Kahneman,1973),and will inevitably be affected by multiple information presented at the same time.The direct result of it is cognitive conflict,when a certain feature of the stimulus is incompatible or inconsistent with the subsequent stimulus attribute,there will be conflict or interference.Cognitive control and its regulation of attention mechanisms enable us to detect and adapt to conflicting information.Recent studies have shown that cognitive control functions may be mediated by unconscious perceptual information.However,most previous studies have been based on cognitive control,whose stimulation is limited to simple line colors or arrows.However,in real life,most of the information people are exposed to is of social cognition,and previous studies have ignored the role of non-cognitive factors in cognitive control.Studies have shown that non-cognitive factors play a decisive role in cognitive control(emotional literature).There is no consensus on the effects of unconscious processing on social cognitive control function,especially on conflict and conflict adaptation.To explore this issue,this study initiated the masking stereotype Stroop paradigm and used event-related potentials to explore its electroencephalogram mechanism.From the micro perspective of conflict adaptation,experiment 1 used the face-word stereotyping Stroop task to investigate the behavioral and eeg differences of sequential consistency effects under conscious and unconscious conditions.In the behavioral data,the response of the consistent test in the conscious condition was significantly faster than that of the inconsistent test,while the difference between the two in the unconscious condition was not significant,suggesting that the stereotypical Stroop effect only appeared in the conscious condition.More importantly,no sequential consistency effect was found in either condition.On the ERP data,N450 component in the middle part found that the current conflict effect was significantly different under the conscious condition,while no conflict effect was found under the unconscious condition,suggesting that the monitoring of stereotypical conflict requires consciousness.Moreover,no sequence-consistency effect was found on N450 components,suggesting that the conflict previously induced by stereotype information could not be optimized for the resolution of the current conflict immediately following it.This result may be caused by the mismatch between the cognitive control mode of stereotyped conflict processing and the bottom-up processing mode of SC effect.In experiment 2,another processing mode of conflict adaptation--the proportional consistency effect of top-down processing was introduced to explore the cognitive control mode of stereotyped conflict processing from the macroscopic perspective of conflict adaptation.Experiment 2 introduced proportional consistency effect by operating MC and MI ratio.In terms of behavioral results,only conflict effect was found in consciousness.Moreover,the PC effect was found in behavioral results under the condition of consciousness,but no PC effect was found under the condition of unconsciousness,suggesting that both the detection and regulation of stereotyped conflict need consciousness.On the electroencephalogram,it is found that the N450 component in the middle only appears conflict effect under conscious condition.More importantly,consistent with the behavioral results,the proportional consistency effect was found only under the condition of consciousness: the amplitude of inconsistent test times was significantly more negative than that of consistent test times under the condition of MC,but was not significant under the condition of consciousness MI;However,the conflict effect was not significant under the unconscious condition of MC and MI.The results show that the regulation of stereotyped conflict depends on consciousness,and the elimination of the conflict effect under the MI condition of consciousness indicates that the cognitive control mode formed under most inconsistent conditions optimizes the resolution of stereotyped effect.In conclusion,from the behavior and eeg results of experiment 1 and experiment 2,we can draw the following conclusions:(1)the effect of stereotype conflict only appears in the conscious condition,but not in the unconscious condition,indicating that the detection of stereotype conflict depends on consciousness.(2)there was no sequence consistency effect(SC effect)under both conditions of consciousness,that is,the previous stereotype conflict did not improve the regulation of the latter stereotype conflict,indicating that the stereotype may not be able to carry out reactive regulation at the micro level.(3)the proportional consistency effect(PC effect)appears in the conscious condition,but not in the unconscious condition.The suggestion is that stereotypes can be eliminated by macroscopic cognitive control,but this control depends on consciousness.