Research On "Four Kinds Of Class Enemies" In The Collectivization Era

The "Four kinds of Class Enemies" are a group of special social classes artificially divided after the founding of new China.According to academic statistics,the number of this group is very large.From the division of rural class composition by land reform in 1950 to the removal of the hat by the last group of "Four kinds of Class Enemies" in 1984,about 20 million people in the country have been counted.As class enemies,in all previous political movements after liberation,the "Four kinds of Class Enemies" were the targets of key picketing,subject to control and supervision,and their lives,property and rights were not guaranteed for a long time.Through the treatment of "Four kinds of Class Enemies",New China has played a role in uniting the poor and lower middle peasants to consolidate the new people’s power and effectively control the rural society,but to a certain extent,it has caused a high degree of tension in social and political relations,and the construction of economic and the construction of democracy and the rule of law have not been developed for a long time.In addition,the definition and transformation of "Four kinds of Class Enemies" is a long-term and systematic process.Individually,the time,reason and purpose of their becoming political pariahs are different.Based on the grass-roots archives of Po Village and the oral historical materials collected by the author through field work,this paper discusses the shaping and influence of the state policy forces on these political pariahs through a series of political movements such as " land reform","Counter-insurgency"," Eliminate counter-revolution","anti-Rightists"," the four clean-ups"," Team cleaning" and "One dozen three counter-movements" to the countryside and the various actions of the communist party ideology embedded in the grass-roots rural society.At the same time,combined with the village’s different treatment of different " Four kinds of Class Enemies",the author hopes to deepen the in-depth study and understanding of the relationship between state intervention and village response,village cadres and " Four kinds of Class Enemies",ordinaryindividuals and "Four kinds of Class Enemies",and " Four kinds of Class Enemies" and "Four kinds of Class Enemies" in different periods.The division and management of "Four kinds of Class Enemies" is an effective means for the state to control rural society in the collectivization era,and the ideology of class struggle has also greatly affected the ordinary and normal life of villagers.However,the village has its own inherent value judgment and behavior logic,and the villagers are also living individuals with different feelings and personalities.When dealing with the changes brought about by the transcendental political relations to the countryside,the villagers’ discourse expression and action choice have made great differences between the political movement and the non-political movement,and between public space and private space.The " Four kinds of Class Enemies" have not been abandoned by the human relationship network in the countryside,and the traditional geographical,kinship and popularity relations still play an important role in imperceptible influence under the impact of unfamiliar class and cadre-mass relations.