Research On The Prefecture And County Criminal Chamber System And Its Operation In Qing Dynasty

As a transactional administrative organ generally established in prefectures and counties in the Qing Dynasty,criminal cases such as life theft are more related to the future of officials in prefectures and counties.Taking prefectures and counties in the Qing Dynasty as an example,it is of great significance to explore the role played by the prefectures and counties in the administration of prefectures and counties,and to understand the administrative reality of prefectures and covnties in the Qing Dynasty.Prefectures and counties officially named "criminal chamber" office in the Yuan Dynasty,Ming and Qing dynasties to its peak,but the idea of branch office represented by criminal chamber as early as the Qin and Han county system appeared has sprouted and developed.Most of the prison rooms are located on the left or right side of the Yamen lobby in the prefectures and counties.Their location is not fixed,and they are often flexibly arranged according to the specific conditions of the prefectures and counties.This reflects the important role of the departments in the administration of prefectures and counties,and also reflects the distrust of the prefectures and county officials.The main office personnel in the prison room are bookmen.Under the direct leadership of prefectural and county officials,they engage in specific technical work.In addition,because the prison room mainly handles cases of personal injury and other cases,they often handle cases with the prison room although they are cheap servitude.The official affairs of the prison room in the prefecture and county are mainly divided into two categories:acceptance and handling cases.In the process of handling cases,it involves the receipt of pleadings,the drafting of erroneous tickets,the recording of court affairs,the production and preservation of archives,etc.Sometimes,it will be ordered by the prefecture and county officials to investigate the case discovery site or adjust disputes by itself.It is the most basic and maximum task of the prison room to prepare a book and write down the context,that is,non-verbal litigation.It is also an important duty of the prison room to inspect the prison administration.The criminal chamber plays an important role in maintaining the normal operation of the administration of prefectures and counties through the documents and files it has mastered.However,due to the unreasonable system of officials in the Qing Dynasty,the deficiencies of bureaucratic political system and the excessive number of cases in the Qing Dynasty,there is a huge gap between the responsibilities of officials and their treatment status.These factors play a comprehensive role9 resulting in the officials claiming their own rights in the cases in hand.Benefits,thus resulting in the Qing Dynasty prison system in the actual operation of the system deviated from the original design of the track.In Qing Dynasty,bureaucrats criticism and pen-writing of book officials exactly reflected the irreplaceable role played by the departments with officials as the main body in the administration of prefectures and counties.