The Thought Of Justice Ethics Of Sandel

Michael Sandel’s public lecture "Justice" has aroused heated discussion since it was broadcast.Sandel’s ideas are all inclusive and have an important impact in the field of political philosophy and moral philosophy.It is one of the hot spots in academic research.Sandel’s thought originated from Aristotle’s thought of virtue and community,and absorbed Hegel’s thought of community.In the book Justice:What’s the Right Thing to Do,Sandel’s exploration of justice is based on his understanding of utilitarianism,liberalism and virtualism.Bentham and Mill are the representatives of utilitarianism.Bentham’s thought involves three aspects: the principle of bitterness and happiness,the theory of effect and the principle of maximum happiness.Mill distinguishes the quality and quantity of happiness,replaces happiness with happiness,and advocates individual freedom and rights.Sandel believes that Bentham ignored individual rights and put everything into monetary measures,while Mill deviated from utilitarianism and focused more on people’s Thinking Ability.Sandel understands liberalism through thinking about the justice of liberalism and equality liberalism.Liberalism is represented by the theory of minimum government,Nozick’s free market philosophy and the view of distributive justice.Equality liberalism,represented by Rawls,emphasizes Rawls’ principle of justice and his view of distributive justice.Sandel criticizes liberalism.First of all,Sandel believes that liberalism guarantees everyone’s free choice,but because of the limitations of market and morality,liberalism is inevitably corroded.The extreme promotion of freedom has also suppressed the development of public space.Secondly,it criticizes Rawls from four perspectives: deontology,contract theory,neutralityand distribution theory Through the rebuttal of liberalism and utilitarianism,Sandel prefers the justice view of moralism.Aristotle’s virtue thought is mainly reflected in his teleology and virtue theory.Citizen’s participation in political life is not only conducive to personal improvement,but also can cultivate more responsible people for society.But Aristotle’s thoughts have their limitations.Aristotle does not recognize the rights of women and slaves.Through his understanding of utilitarianism,liberalism,and moralism,Sandel put forward his own understanding and ideas and formed his ethical thoughts of justice.Sandel takes the community view of self and community as the foundation of his construction.It emphasizes the political philosophy that good takes precedence over right,criticizes liberal rights over good,and regards moral desert as the core of its view of distributive justice.Sandel’s thought has its positive value in practice and theory,and it can guide our practice in social life.But Sandel’s thought also has its limitations,and his thought has not formed a complete theoretical system.