A Study Of Military Conflict Between Liu Song And Northern Wei Dynasty In 422-453 Years

From 422 to 453,the national power of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Liu Song Dynasty flourished simultaneously.During this period,the North completed its unification.During this period,the South emerged the famous "Yuan Jia flourishing age".The confrontation between the North and the South naturally inevitably leads to the struggle for interests,while the North and the South are flourishing at the same time,and the struggle is naturally more intense.The most intense competition between countries is war.During this period,the South took the initiative to expel three times to the north,the North took the initiative to go south twice,and the two sides competed for a third party once.Academic circles have made great achievements in the study of the military conflicts between North and South in this period,but there are still some deficiencies in the study of the military conflicts in this period as a whole.Based on this,this paper regards the five military conflicts between the north and the south from 422 to 453 as a whole,in order to put forward some new viewpoints on the causes,characteristics and effects of military conflicts in this period.The article mainly consists of three parts:The first part is mainly about the relationship between the two sides.During the Wei and Jin Dynasties,Tuoba Xianbei began to pay tribute to the Central Plains,and the two sides established friendly subordinate relations.During the Eight Kings Rebellion,Sima Yue,king of the East China Sea,introduced Tuoba Xianbei into the army,and Tuoba Xianbei became a part of Sima Yue’s camp.During the Yongjia Rebellion,with the decline of the power of the Western Jin Dynasty,the power of Tuoba Xianbei in the Western Jin Dynasty had lost control and relied instead on Tuoba Xianbei.Soon,Tuoba Xianbei fell into civil strife,Jinshi’s forces in the North disappeared,and the relationship between the two sides was temporarily interrupted.After the Qin Dynasty attacked Luoyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,the Jin Army turned to the Northern Wei Dynasty for help,and both sides continued to do well.The Huanxuan Rebellion broke out in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,and the Northern Wei Dynasty took the opportunity to invade the border of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south.After Liu Yu’s expedition in Qin Dynasty,the Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops along the Yellow River to harass Liu Yu’s expedition troops.In order to stabilize Henan’s initiative to send envoys to Wei Dynasty,the two countries repaired once again.During the Jin and Song Dynasties,Liu Yu continued to send envoys to the Wei Dynasty,and the two sides continued to maintain good relations.Generally speaking,the relationship between the two sides was generally friendly before 422 years.The second part mainly combs the five military conflicts between Liu Song and Northern Wei Dynasty.In the second part,the main course of military conflict in Song and Wei Dynasty is sorted out.In 422,when Liu Yu died of illness,Emperor Ming and Yuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty took the opportunity to expel south to collect "Henan invaded land".After the struggle for the Northern Wei Dynasty,the whole of Henan Province was captured.In 430,Emperor Wen launched the first Northern Expedition to recover Henan.First,the Song army attacked and recovered Henan,and then the Northern Wei counterattack again occupied Henan.You and I are still confronted on the front line of Henan.In 441,Qiuchi invaded the Song Dynasty,and Liu Song fought back to take Qiuchi.Yang Dangdang,the owner of Qiuchi State,went to the Wei Dynasty.The Northern Wei Dynasty took the opportunity to send troops to Qiuchi.After the struggle,the Northern Wei Dynasty won a great victory and took all the places of Qiuchi.In 450 years,facing the increasingly tense situation with Liu Song,in order to deter Liu Song,Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty led the army south,and the two sides then broke out the war of suspension.After the Hung Hu War,Emperor Wendi of Song Dynasty launched the second Northern Expedition to recover Henan Province.The Northern Wei Dynasty also sent the main force to counter-attack on all fronts.The conflict between the two sides reached its climax.In March 452,Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was subjected to Zong Ai.Emperor Wendi of the Song Dynasty took the opportunity to launch the third Northern Expedition.The war lasted from the beginning to the end,but in May,Liu Song was defeated again,with no success and no national strength.Since then,Liu Song and Northern Wei Dynasty have fallen into civil strife.The two sides are committed to pacifying the internal struggle,and the war between the two sides has ended.The third part is mainly to put forward some new views.First,the author finds that the relationship between the two sides has changed substantially since the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty.After that,Liu Yu occupied all the sliding tables in the Northern Wei Dynasty,resulting in a conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.In the Jin and Song Dynasties,the friendly relations established for historical reasons also disappeared.Under the circumstances of each country,it was difficult to avoid the transition from freedom to war between the two sides.Secondly,the author believes that the battle between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Henan Province of Liu Song,the first Northern Expedition of Liu Song Yuan Jia,the battle between Song and Wei at Qiuchi,the battle between Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the second Northern Expedition of Liu Song,Yuan and Jia,and the third Northern Expedition of Liu Song,Yuan and Jia,the core of the battle between Song and Wei Dynasty is Henan.Thirdly,the author finds that the struggle between Liu Song and the Northern Wei Dynasty for more than 30 years has wasted the national power of Liu Song and made Liu Song decline from then on.Although the Northern Wei Dynasty won more than lost in the contest with Liu Song,the Northern Wei Dynasty suffered heavy losses in the war between Song and Wei in 450 years.The rising trend of the Northern Wei Dynasty was curbed.After Emperor Wen Chengdi took office,the Northern Wei Dynasty changed its national policy from martial arts to literary administration.