Study On The Thought Of "Exercising Contingency" In Gongyang Studies In Qing Dynasty

"Contingency" and "Jing" are two opposite concepts.The "Jing" was originally a woven fabric,and it was later extended as an invariable criterion."Contingency" is a supplement and amendment to the "Jing".When the problem cannot be solved by the usual way,it involves "conversion",but no matter how it changes,it is within the scope of the "Jing".At the same time,"Time" and "Mean" are two important factors related to "Contingency".In the"exercise" process,"Contingency" is the method,"Time" is the condition of"exercise",and "Mean" is the purpose."Contingency","Time" and "Mean"are also the core concepts of this article."Exercising contingency" is one of the important Confucian thoughts.It is the most thoughtful and difficult to grasp accurately.Therefore,Confucianism does not easily grant "Contingency" under the last resort.The fundamental purpose is to maintain the orthodox status of the "Jing".The idea of "exercising contingency" in Gongyangology occupies a pivotal position in the Confucian "Contingency" theory.After Gongyang Zhuan systematically discussed the idea of "exercising contingency",Dong Zhongshu and He Xiu vigorously developed it and enriched its theoretical connotation.After the Wei and Jin dynasties,although the Gongyangology was shelved,the issue of"exercise" has been debated.The revival of Gongyang Studies in the Qing Dynasty also made"Exercise" follow the basic spirit of Gongyang Studies under certain circumstance,exert its role of practical application,and play its practical value in guiding political reform.The development of the idea of "Exercising Contingency" in Gongyangology in the Qing Dynasty included purely academic "Contingency" and political "Contingency".The pure academic"Contingency" started with Zhao Fang,who directly influenced the academic research-oriented characteristics of "Exercise" in Gongyang Studies in the Qing Dynasty.Zhuang Cunyu and Kong Guangsen inherited this style of study.Zhuang Cunyu is the founder of the Changzhou school.His academics were inherited by Liu Fenglu,who was the master of the Gongyang studies in the Qing Dynasty.He not only opened up the vision of the Gongyang studies,but also opened up the style of the Gongyang studies in the Qing Dynasty.Gong Zizhen was the forerunner of the political "Contingency" of the Gongyang school in the Qing Dynasty,followed by Wei Yuan.This political"Contingency" had a huge impact on the development of the late Qing society,but their "Contingency" has left the "Contingency" of the Gongyang school.The fundamental reason is the meaning of reforming and changing the law,which deviates from the law of the Gongyang school,and therefore also the turning point of the Gongyang school in the Qing Dynasty.In addition to Changzhou Gongyang studies,people like Kong Guangsen,Chen Li,and Liao Pingping are more able to abide by Gongyang family law.Their "Exercise"concept does not exceed the views of Dong Zhongshu and He Xiu.The Gongyang theory,but also lost the essence of thought combined with salvation pian and leaving the mainstream of late Qing Gongyang theory.The development of the Gongyang in the Qing Dynasty reached Kang Youwei,and Kang Youwei vigorously reformed it.The "Contingency" theory became a vassal of his political reform.Kang Youwei’s Gongyang study completely deviated from the roots of the Gongyang.Looking back,the decline of Gongyang science has become a general trend.Comparing the Gongyang studies outside the Changzhou school and the Changzhou school,Changzhou school and Kang Youwei and others inherited the tradition of Confucianism that values the world,and in the turbulent society of the late Qing Dynasty,consciously assumed social responsibility and promoted the development of the times.The Gongyang theory of Chen Li and Liao Ping is quite satisfactory.From the point of view of Gongyang theory,it is used for conventional elaboration,obeying the Gongyang family law,academic and academic,and "dissociated from the times." The"Convenience" of being worldly wies and playing safe,it also shows that social change and development still need to be accomplished by Gongyang scholar like Gong Zizhen,Wei Yuan,and Kang Youwei.