The Xiang Army To Modern Hunan Reconstruction Of Acquaintance Society

China has been an acquaintance society since ancient times,especially in Hunan.No matter how many times the society experiences collapse and reconstruction,it always belongs to the category of an acquaintance society.For example,due to the overpopulation,frequent disasters,social unrest and many other factors in modern Hunan,Hunan’s acquaintance society tends to collapse,during which a new seed of acquaintance relationship was bred-Xiang Army.The Xiang Army was formed on the basis of private relations such as relatives,fellow townspeople,friends,teachers and students.It relied on private friendships to maintain the unity and stability of the group and rebuilt the modern Hunan acquaintance society with its own status and influence after its success.This paper consists of five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction about the research theme and reasons from the background and significance of the topic,research status,innovation and shortcomings,research methods and other aspects.The second chapter is mainly about the causes and characteristics of the formation of modern Hunan acquaintance society from two aspects of immigration and clan,as well as its main characteristics: consanguinity,geography,and business relationship.The third chapter is about the collapse of acquaintance society in modern Hunan due to many factors,such as overpopulation,frequent famine,the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom war,the Hui party uprising and so on.In the fourth chapter,it discusses the building of network of acquaintances mainly from the scholars of Huxiang with Zeng Guofan as the center,and starting from this,the creation of the Xiang Army began.It also describes the unique recruitment method of Xiang Army based on the local province and the relatives;the internal relationship of mutual connection and support,and the characteristics of the coexistence of soldiers and friendship;the ethical thought of the moral obligations and preaching as a guide;the ways of rational leading and etiquette governing the army to maintain the internal unity and stability of the Xiang Army so as to make it invincible attack without fail and make outstanding achievements.Finally,through two adjustments of the relationship between the Manchu and the aristocracy,the ruling class of Manchu and Han united and won the war of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.In the last chapter,it discusses the formation of a large-scale gentry class promoted by military merits through the soldiers of Xiang Army who made military achievements and returned to their hometown in good condition so that the gentry power in modern Hunan society greatly expanded.Hunangentry made use of their power,position and economic strength to support Hunan’s political,economic,cultural and social order in the late Qing Dynasty.The idea spread and social practice in the fields of social security,enlightenment of the village,inheritance of Confucianism,establishment of the Hunan Military Ancestral Hall,and clan rebuilding have reconstructed the acquaintance society of modern Hunan.