A Probe Into The Causes Of China-Russia(Soviet) In Outer Mongolia's Independence

In the last years of the Qing Dynasty,the national power was exhausted,domestic and foreign difficulties,and the frontier issue became increasingly serious.In order to save its dying rule,the Qing court gradually carried out the "New Deal" from the mainland to the border areas.However,the Qing government blindly implemented the "New Deal" in Mongolia in spite of Mongolian sentiment,which caused dissatisfaction with the Qing court from the outside Mongolia.Taking advantage of the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution in China,some monks of the Outer Mongolian princes with an inclination to independence took the initiative to seek independent support from Tsarist Russia and declared their independence with the support of the Tsarist Russian authorities.Since then,the Beiyang government and Tsarist Russia have initiated difficult reunification negotiations on the issue of Outer Mongolia.However,due to the decline of national power,political instability and the threat of Tsarist Russia and other factors,they made compromises and signed the three-party agreement between China,Russia and Mongolia.While there is a nameless sovereignty to the foreign Mongolia,Tsarist Russia has won the actual control of the autonomous Mongolia.After the October Revolution,the Tsarist Russia regime collapsed,and Outer Mongolia lost its backing.Japan took advantage of the opportunity to replace Tsarist Russia and occupy Outer Mongolia.The Outer Mongolian authorities realized that self-government was difficult to maintain,and they had the intention to return to the control of the Beiyang government.As a result,Chen Yi,a resident of the Chinese government in Kuwait,took the opportunity to negotiate with the princely class who had no real power in Outer Mongolia,but to no avail.At this time,Xu Shuzheng,as the envoy of the Northwestern Frontier,was ordered to come to Outer Mongolia and canceled the autonomy of Outer Mongolia by force.However,the independent power of the Inner Mongolia ruling group was very large.When the civil war occurred in China,Outer Mongolia began to outward.Seek independence.At this time,the white bandits Enqin captured Kulun,and hijacked Jebzundanba to establish a puppet regime that obeyed himself.Soviet Russia realized the threat of the bandits of Enqin and asked China to send troops together,but the Chinese government refused.The Soviet government voluntarily sent troops to destroy Enqin in spite of China's opposition,and then assisted Inner Mongolia to establish a revolutionary government for independence.Since then,the Chinese government has engaged in lengthy negotiations with the Soviet and Russian(United)government to recover Outer Mongolia,but the Soviet and Russian governments privately signed a treaty with Outer Mongolia during the negotiations to recognize Outer Mongolia as an independent country.In the end,the Chinese government only won the Soviet Union's recognition of China's sovereignty over foreign Mongolia.In the 1930 s,Germany,Japan,Italy and other countries embarked on the fascist road.Japan implemented a policy of expansion and aggression in the Far East.The Soviet Union's Far East faced the threat of war in Japan.Outer Mongolia's status in the Soviet Union's national strategy rose sharply.Mongolian control Chiang Kai-shek,who controls the Nanjing National Government,has tried many times to regain Outer Mongolia,but failed to do so due to changes in the situation at home and abroad.At the end of World War II,the United States,Britain,and the Soviet Union held a Yalta meeting in secret.Stalin's proposal to maintain the status quo in Outer Mongolia as a condition for sending troops to Japan was supported by the United States.After obtaining the assurance that Stalin did not support the Communist Party of China,returned the sovereignty of the Northeast,and supported its unification of China,Chiang Kai-shek agreed to Stalin's claim to let Outer Mongolia independent.In 1945,Outer Mongolia declared its independence through a referendum.At this point,Outer Mongolia was completely separated from China.Judging from the process of the independence of Outer Mongolia,although Russia has experienced different periods of rule by Tsarist Russia,Soviet Russia,and the Soviet Union,the strategic goals and policy objectives of transforming Outer Mongolia into its "safe area" in the Far East have always been the same.The consistent support of Mongolian politics,economy,and military has become the decisive factor for Outer Mongolia to resolutely move toward independence.On the other hand,China's continuous policy errors with Mongolia,coupled with political turmoil and national power failure,provide opportunities for Outer Mongolia to become independent.From the perspective of Outer Mongolia itself,it has always been actively seeking support from Russia throughout the process of independence,which has made China always in a passive position in dealing with the issue of independence of Outer Mongolia,which has to make people reflect.