Temporary Provincial Capital: Study Of Enshi City Construction During The Anti-japanese War(1938-1945)

Before the War of Resistance Against Japan,Enshi was located in the remote southwest of Hubei,which was not valued by the central government for a long time,resulting in Enshi’s backwardness.But with the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan,Enshi’s strategic position has changed,and all aspects have been greatly developed.Affected by the war situation,the Nanjing National Government moved to Chongqing in the west,and the Hubei Provincial Government began to plan related matters to relocate to Yichang in the west.After the outbreak of the war in Wuhan,Yichang was no longer safe,and the provincial government immediately decided to move the Hubei Provincial Government to Enshi.Hubei provincial government moved west Enshi,Enshi became the political,economic,military and cultural center of Hubei Province.As the provincial government moved west,Enshi’s strategic position was improved,at the same time It also shoulders the dual responsibility of supporting the war of resistance in Hubei and defending the southwest rear.In March 1945,the Japanese army launched the campaign of northern Hubei in western Henan,successively occupied Nanyang,Laohekou,Xiangyang,Nanzhang,Yicheng and other places.But after that,the Chinese army recovered the lost land except Laohekou,and the pattern of the war remained unchanged until the end of the War of Resistance.At this point,except Enshi,Lichuan,Xianfeng,Laifeng,Enshi,Hefeng,Jianshi,Padang,Zigui,ui,Xingshan 10 counties and northwest Hubei Fangxian,Baokang,Junxian,Yunxi,Zhushan,Zhuxi and other 6 counties,the remaining 55 counties and cities have been occupied by the Japanese army to varying degrees,so in the Anti-Japanese War period The national government can operate completely in the southwest of Hubei.In order to solve the problems of people’s demand for production and life and supply of materials in the War of Resistance against Japan,the provincial government took Enshi as the center to actively carry out municipal construction,and to build and perfect the city’s transportation,post and telecommunications and air defense facilities.At the same time,economic construction,increase grain production,industrial andmining construction.In addition,it has actively promoted the construction of social development,improved the health system,and carried out health and epidemic prevention campaigns.The establishment of Hubei "Lianzhong ",the implementation of the public fee policy.These measures have stabilized the production and living order of Enshi city,guaranteed the material supply in wartime,guaranteed the education in wartime,greatly changed the backward appearance of Enshi area,and to Hubei Province The Anti-Japanese War and even the National Anti-Japanese War have great influence.As the temporary provincial capital in wartime,the development of Enshi’s city is inevitably affected by the war,with the characteristics of wartime and sudden.The study on the urban problems in Enshi during the temporary provincial capital is helpful for us to grasp the development law of the same type of city and better understand the development of the city.