Subjects,Structure And Working Mechanism:Research On The Issue Of The Targeted Poverty Alleviation In Towns From The Perspective Of The Theory Of Governance

The target to make our country a comprehensive well-off society by 2020 is approaching.However,according to statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China,there are still more than 80 million poor people in our country's rural areas by 2013.Poverty is still a problem holding back our country's economic progress and social development.Facing the serious situation of poverty,Chinese government and the Communist Party of China reviewed the former"rough" way of poverty alleviation and summed up the experience and lessons with the guidance of the idea of governance.On this basis,our Party and Government proposed the concept of "targeted poverty alleviation" which has been the guiding principle of the poverty governance at present and for some time in the future.As the most basic governing unit of our country,town plays a vital role in the country's governance system.The implementation of the policies to alleviate poverty and the real improvement of the situations of poor people's production and living depend much on the multiple governance subjects of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.Therefore,it has important practical significance to research the issue of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.Using qualitative methods and taking the targeted poverty alleviation in towns as my focus,I select a town C in a remote mountainous area as the research object which is affiliated to the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei Province,enter the site to make in-depth interviews with the town officials,the members belonging to the organizations which are arranged to assist the poor in getting out of poverty,the members belonging to the village Party branches and the village committees,the villagers and the relevant personnel of enterprises,and know more about the situation of the targeted poverty alleviation in villages and people's views and thoughts on the targeted poverty alleviation by communicating and getting along with the villagers.Based on this and guided by the theory of governance,this paper highlights the governance subjects,the governance structure and the working mechanism between the multiple governance subjects during the practice of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.On the premise of it,this paper deeply analyzes the problems of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns and its causes.In the meantime,this paper puts forward the countermeasures and the suggestions to improve the work of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.The content of this paper is mainly divided into six parts:The first part is introduction.This part straightens out the research background,the research significance,the literature review and the relevant concepts of this paper,illuminates the time background,and mainly sums up the domestic research status on poverty and poverty-relief work;points out the applicability of the theory of governance in studying the issue of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns,and present the analytical framework of this paper.Besides,this part briefly describes the study case and illustrates the research methods of this paper.The second part is governance subjects and governance structure of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.This part mainly introduces the multiple governance subjects of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns,including the county government,the town government,the organizations which are arranged to assist the poor in getting out of poverty,the enterprises,the village Party branches and the village committees,and the villagers.During the governance of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns,a stable governance structure is gradually formed between these governance subjects.This kind of governance structure is featured by regarding towns as the platform of poverty governance,aiming at lifting the poor out of poverty,and role playing like "the county government-coordinate,the town government-lead,the village Party branches and the village committees-implement,the multiple subjects-participate".The third part is the working mechanism between the multiple governance subjects of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.This part focuses on the working mechanism between the multiple governance subjects of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns on the basis of clarifying the governance subjects and the governance structure of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns in the second part.The working mechanism includes four parts:the mechanism of accurate recognition,targeted support,precise management and precise assessment.From the working mechanism,it can be seen that,under the governance structure,the different governance subjects of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns play their respective roles to function well and devote themselves to the goal of lifting the poor out of poverty.The fourth part is the problems of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns and its causes.The targeted poverty alleviation in towns has achieved effective results,however,there are some problems worthy of attention:the governance subjects need to be perfected;the governance structure needs to be reengineered;the working mechanism needs to be optimized,etc.The causes why there exists these problems in the work of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns are as follows:the severe situation of poverty;the tremendous political pressure;the ineffective propaganda and implementation of policies;the defective incentive mechanism;the "embarrassed" village Party branches and village committees;the "backward" consciousness and literacy;the "inadequate" resources and capacity.The fifth part is the countermeasures and the suggestions to improve the work of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns.On the basis of defined roles and changing concepts,different governance subjects should make great efforts to form a structure in which governments,market bodies and social forces participate together in and push cooperatively forward the targeted poverty alleviation in towns through effective vertical linkage and horizontal cooperation and complementation of resources.To form this kind of structure,three levels of work should be done well.Firstly,concept level:the multiple governance subjects of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns should make the sharing idea clear,practice the service concept and advocate the innovation concept.Secondly,structure level:the diversified governance subjects have to be clear during the practice of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns;on this basis,it needs to construct the network relationships among the multiple governance subjects and clearly define their respective roles and their interrelations in order to form a governance network with the multiple governance subjects leaded by the town governments.Lastly,operation level:the following measures need to be taken in order to improve the work of the targeted poverty alleviation in towns:innovate and perfect the relevant systems;promote and carry out the relevant policies;improve the quality and ability of the cadres and the members of CCP(Chinese Communist Party);attract market bodies to actively participate in the targeted poverty alleviation in towns;attach importance to the role of social forces;keep the relative independence of the village Party branches and the village committees;guide the poor to raise the level of their production and living on the basis of self-reliance.The sixth part is conclusion.This part summarizes and sublimates the contents and the ideas of this paper.