Discussion On Social Work Involved In Rural Social Governance From The Perspective Of Field Theory

With the process of reform,opening up and modernization,the closed pattern of rural areas has been gradually broken down,and rural problems had diversified and frequent characteristics,which have brought serious challenges to rural construction.The country had paid more attention to the problem of rural social governance,in the wave of government procurement of public services,more and more social work service projects have entered the rural areas,which have been involved in the deepening of rural social governance and provided a new path for the settlement of rural problems.The rural social work service in ZX town(referred to as "ZX project"),which was launched by the guangzhou municipal civil affairs bureau,was one of them.It aimed to strengthen the construction of rural grassroots political power,organized teachers and students of social work and sociology as well as the social worker to 35 administrative villages of ZX town in guangzhou,to provide rural social work service for three years,it has achieved good service results,and has received high praise by project purchaser,clients and third-party assessment.This paper mainly adopted the research method of action and case,analyzed the three years' experience of ZX project in rural social governance from the perspective of field theory.Under the guidance of the three key concepts such as "status","habit" and "capital" of field theory,to analyze the current situation and existing problems of rural social governance,to put forward the countermeasures that social work service project how to promote rural social governance,to examine the effect that social work involved in rural social governance,so that it can give some guidance for same types of practice.This research found that when the rural social work service project as a foreigner entered the rural area,it will face a crisis of legitimacy,because the villagers had lower awareness of social work,the grassroots managers existed the phenomenon of path dependence and involution,especially for the unequal relationship be tween the various subjects in the capital chain,the service chain and the assessment chain.ZX project established legal status by looking for a reasonable positioning,using the identity of college student,living in the village and respecting for rural custom,which was the premise of service.And then using the "status","habit" and "capital" of field theory to analyze the whole process that ZX project involved in rural social governance.This paper analyzed the connotation of changes of rural subject status,conflict of habit,and capital shortage in ZX town under the background of urbanization,so as to gain a better understanding of the current situation and existing problems of rural social governance before ZX project was involved.On this basis,the three countermeasures of improving the rural social governance in the ZX project were extracted,namely,the guiding countermeasure of the rural powerful subject,the cultivating countermeasure of the endogenous social organization,and the constructing countermeasures of the social supporting network.After the intervention,the change of the service concept and method of the main body,the participating consciousness and ability of the local villagers,the rural mutual-aid atmosphere and the circulation of resources showing that ZX project had a propelling effect on the rural social governance.Based on research above,this paper abstracted the experience of ZX project as a theoretical level,when social work involved rural social governance,it was necessary to establish the plan according to the characteristics of the rural field,to adjust the servicing method which adapted to the rural habit,to mobilize the endogenous force,especially endogenous social organizations to paly an important role in rural social governance,to enhance the capital to improve the ability of the villagers.Finally,discusses the questions that which service mode should be seted by rural social work,what kind of quality should the rural social workers have,and how to keep the effect by rural social work service? The purpose of this part is to inspire other researchers.