| Studying the characteristics of leisure class mountain bike riders from the perspective of informal group cohesion helps outdoor sports organizers to manage class leisure mountain bike riders.With 275 leisure class mountain bike riders as the respondents,the Group Environment Questionnaire of Leisure Class Mountain Bike Riding was formulated.As indicated by the exploratory factor analysis and structural validity analysis,the questionnaire has a good validity.Based on this questionnaire,the group cohesion level of the 161 leisure class mountain bike riders was measured and a field interview was carried out among part participants.Besides,based on the cohesion level measured,the following research hypotheses were put forward for the systematic study on characteristics of leisure class mountain bike riders: The group cohesion of leisure class mountain bike riders is consistent with The four-dimensional classification of Carron's theory,i.e.individual attraction to group-task,individual attraction to group-social,group integration-task and group integration-social;the group cohesion of members of different genders,ages,education levels and jobs present different characteristics.All the hypotheses prove to be true.Multiple comparisons by factor analysis and variance analysis yield the following results:The group cohesion levels of members of different genders,ages,education levels and jobs present different characteristics in various dimensions.From the perspective of gender differences in cohesion,it is mainly reflected in social consistency.Female riders are more likely to be with team members than male riders in cycling.In terms of individual attraction to group-task,individual attraction to group-social and group integration-task,there is no great difference between men and women.From the angle of age,there was a significant difference in cohesion among cyclists of different ages.And the 30-39-year old riders are the most cohesion,the group of 40-49-yearolds riders have the weakest cohesion.There are significant differences among riders of different ages when it comes to group integration-task.Specifically,the 15~19-year-old riders are more willing to be consistent with the team in order to complete the riding task,while riders at the age of 20-29 have the lowest willingness to be consistent with the team for accomplishing the task during the ride.In terms of group integration-social,there are significant differences among riders of different ages.The 15~19-year-old riders have the highest group integration-social,whereas the 20~29-year-old riders have the lowest group integration-social.In terms of individual attraction to group-social,there are significant differences among riders of different ages.The 30~39-year-old riders have the largest individual attraction to group-social,whilethe 15~19-year-old have the lowest individual attraction to group-social.There are no significant differences in the characteristics presented by riders of different ages when it comes to individual attraction to group-task.In addition,riders of different educational levels are significantly different in individual attraction to group-task.Riders with an educational level of junior high school or below present the strongest features individual attraction to group-task,while riders with an educational level of undergraduate or above have the weakest features in individual attraction to group-task.From the perspective of group integration-task,riders with an educational level of junior high school or below show the strongest features in terms of group integration-task,while riders with an educational level of undergraduate or above have the weakest characteristics in group integration-task.There is no significant difference among riders of different educational levels in the aspects of group integration-social and individual attraction to group-social.From the perspective of jobs,there are significant differences among riders of different jobs when it comes to group integration-task.Freelancers have the strongest characteristics in group integration-task,followed by civil servants,corporate employees and students,while riders from public institutions have the weakest characteristics in group integration-task.In terms of group integration-social,riders of different occupations are also significantly different from each other.Among them,riders from public institutions have the strongest features in group integration-social,followed by freelancers,corporate employees and students,whereas civil servants present the weakest characteristics.When it comes to individual attraction to group-social,there are significant differences among riders of different jobs.Riders who are corporate employees have the strongest features in individual attraction to group-social,followed by freelancers,students and civil servants,while riders working in public institutions have the weakest features in individual attraction to group-social.In terms of individual attraction to group-task,there is no significant difference among riders of different occupations.On this basis,the author believes that the group cohesion of informal groups has a direct impact on the development of leisure class mountain biking.The group cohesion of riders is related to gender,age,education level and occupation of the riders.The level of group cohesion directly determines the quality and safety of biking activities as well as the development of mountain biking.Leisure class mountain biking has gradually emerged in China during recent years.To well hold such activities,the organizers should scientifically consider the following problems rather than blindly pursue the number of riders: First of all,group integration-social of male riders should be enhanced;secondly,group integration-task and group integration-social ought to be strengthened among riders at the age of 20-29;thirdly,individual attraction to group-task,group integration-task and group integration-social should be strengthened amonghighly educated riders,and individual attraction to group-social should be enhanced among riders graduating from senior high school;fourthly,Fourth,group integration-task and individual attraction to group-social should be strengthened among riders working in public institutions,and attention should be paid to enhance group integration-social among riders who are civil servants.The cohesion of informal groups has a direct impact on the development of leisure mountain bikes.The cohesion of riding groups is related to gender,age,educational level and occupation.the level of cohesion is directly related to the quality of riding activities,the safety of riding and the development of riding movement.The leisure mountain bike riding activity is gradually rising in the whole country.as the organizer of the riding activity,he should not blindly pursue the number of riding groups,but should scientifically consider the following issues: first,riding organizers can adopt a single and mixed grouping method;Second,define the types of riding activities,and organize task-based or social riding activities.Third,pay attention to strengthening the cohesion of riding participants.Through the above measures,we can ensure the high cohesion of riding groups and the safe riding activities. |
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