Shadow Education:Child-Raising Anxiety And Behavioral Choice Of Urban Middle-Class Parents

With the development of the economy and society,the middle class has grown and developed,but the differentiation of social structure and the imperfect social protection mechanism have made the living environment of the middle class full of uncertainty.As a result,they feel anxious about the decline of their class status.In first-tier cities where fine-quality education resources are unevenly distributed,this anxiety is further manifested in concerns about the education of children.In this context,studying the process of production and reproduction of the middle class childbearing anxiety,and the logic behind the actors,choices,have theoretical significance in the study of class and shadow education.At the sale time,this paper also has practical significance in promoting education equality,improving the educational environment,and understanding the mentality of the middle class.Taking educational institution C in Shanghai as an example,this paper uses Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction as a theoretical perspective,using in-depth interviews and paiticipatory observation methods to collect data,trying to analyze:Under the background of intensified social differentiation,the child-raising anxiety of the middle class is further enhanced by the shadow education institutions.In this process,what are the choices and reactions of the various actors,what is the logic behind the choices,and how do these choices affect society?Therefore,the losic of this paper is:Firstly,it introduces the background of the middle-class education choices,and it explores the social roots and actual needs of parenting anxiety mentality;Secondly,this paper analyzes the training institutions' process which strengthens the anxiety of the middle class;Thirdly,it analyzes the discipline from the institute and the parents,and analyzes the impact of this discipline from the perspective of the students.Finally,this paper analyzes the mentality and the coaching style of the middle class have changed.The study found that,first of all,the increasing social structural differentiation and severe education situation have spawned the child-raising anxiety of the middle class.In addition,the middle class,as a group with rich cultural capital,has high expectations for their own children,and they have great demand for fine-quality education resources.Secondly,advanced,systematic teaching system and differentiated class settings in education institution have widened the gap between students and have deepened the anxiety of parents.Thirdly,along with the parents,the education institution forms a kind of discipline over children.Confronting with this kind of discipline and academic pressure,some students form good study habits and test-taking ability,and other students have some annoyed feelings about learning.Therefore,parents reflect on the results of shadow education based on their chilren's academic performance.Finally,as an extracurricular 'school',shadow education is an important way for class reproduction,and the effect of this shadow education needs to be consolidated by the middle class parents through their coaching.