The Influence Of Cognitive Ability And Non-Cognitive Ability On The Salary Income Of Low-Educated Workers

As the population ages and labor costs continue to rise,China's first demographic dividend is disappearing,and the accumulation and improvement of human capital breeds the formation and arrival of China's second demographic dividend(Li Yining,2015),the future labor market will Paying more attention to the demand for labor quality(original new,2017),it can be seen that the ability factor is crucial to the future development of workers.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,a large number of studies have shown that enterprises require not only cognitive ability,but also non-cognitive ability.For example,Green et al.(1998)found that recruitment managers pay 41% and 59% attention to employee skills and attitudes,motivations or personality traits respectively.For low-educated workers,they face a dilemma of reduced labor demand and employer demand not matching their ability,which makes it more difficult to improve their income level.A large number of labor economics studies show that cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability can significantly improve the income level of workers.However,in the existing empirical studies in China,there are few articles discussing the factors of ability and the income of workers from the perspective of economics,and there are few studies on low-skilled groups.Based on these realistic and theoretical background,this paper mainly answers three questions: First,whether the ability has a significant impact on the wage income of low-educated workers,compared with highly educated workers,how this difference exists;second,Is there any different between higher-educated labor and low-educated labors;and third,how the wage effect of non-cognitive ability is produced.This paper uses the China Family Tracking Survey Data(CFPS)in 2012 and 2014 to explore the income effects of cognitive and non-cognitive skills on low-educated workers.Firstly,the effects of cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability on the wage income of low-educated workers were investigated.The sources of their income effects were analyzed,and the degree of influence on the high and low education workers was further compared.Secondly,the differences in the impact of non-cognitive ability on income are discussed from three aspects: gender,household registration type and occupation type.Finally,two mediators of labor mobility and job satisfaction are applied to explore the mechanism of non-cognitive ability wage effect.Through research,it is found that,firstly,non-cognitive ability has a significant positive impact on the wage income of low-educated workers.After dealing with endogeneity,the wage effect increases from 3.6% to 4.2%.This effect is mainly due to agreeableness and conscientiousness.Cognitive ability has no significant effect on the wage income of low-educated workers.For highly educated workers,cognitive ability has a significant positive impact on their wage income,while non-cognitive ability has no significant effect on their income.Second,from the perspective of gender differences,non-cognitive ability has a significant positive impact on the wage income of low-educated female workers,and has no significant effect on male income;from the perspective of household registration type,non-cognitive ability versus low education The wage income of rural household workers has a significant positive impact,and has no significant impact on the laborers of urban household registration.From the perspective of occupational type,through the two-stage model analysis of Heckman,it is found that among low-educated workers,white-collar workers have positive self-selection.After considering selective bias,the overall score of non-cognitive ability has no significant effect on their income,but Pleasantness will significantly increase the income of white-collar workers,and emotional stability will significantly reduce white-collar wage income.For blue-collar workers,the positive effect of non-cognitive ability on their wage income is 8.09%,of which the responsible income effect is 7.3%.Third,analysis of the mechanism of non-cognitive ability income effect.On the one hand,non-cognitive ability affects the wage income by promoting the mobility of low-educated workers.On the other hand,non-cognitive ability can significantly improve the job satisfaction of low-educated workers and thus increase their wage income.