The Impact Of Processing Trade On Employment In China

Unlike most countries,China's foreign trade is very unique,and processing trade accounts for a large proportion.That is,a large amount of foreign trade is reflected in the processing and re-export of advanced intermediate inputs.These processing trades are mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries,bringing more employment opportunities to the country.However,the technical content of this processing trade is not high,and its international competitiveness is heavily dependent on the extraordinary compression of labor costs.In recent years,the low-cost advantage of the labor force is gradually losing.Correspondingly,the processing trade is also facing unprecedented transformation pressure.In this context,is the pulling effect of processing trade on China's employment weakening?This is exactly the issue that this article focuses on.Based on the characteristics of China's trade structure,this paper firstly describes the employment situation and the problems of industrial development through employment elasticity,industrial structure deviation and comparative labor productivity.Then,based on the non-competitive input-output table,from the perspective of processing trade The employment situation in China is studied.Based on the situation before and after the removal of imported intermediate inputs,the structural decomposition method is used to compare the employment situation in China.Finally,according to relevant conclusions,practical suggestions are made on how to adjust China's trade structure and then promote the employment of China's labor force.By decomposing the total export-to-employment pull-off into the unit value-added employment effect,the value-added rate effect,the technical level effect,the import intermediate input substitution effect,the export structure effect,and the export scale effect,the main conclusions are:(1)Exports have a downward trend in the ability to absorb labor in various industries,but they have begun to play a positive role in the employment of capital-intensive services.(2)After removing the intermediate input,the employment effect of the value-added value of the unit after the financial crisis is positive for the employment of the labor force of the primary industry,labor-intensive manufacturing and capital-intensive industries;the effect of the value-added rate on the capacity of the labor force The largest is capital-intensive industries;the positive effect of technological level effects on technology(knowledge)-intensive is gradually increasing;the substitution effect of imported intermediate products is labor-intensive in industries that positively promote employment before the outbreak of financial crisis.Manufacturing and technology(knowledge)-intensive services,while the financial crisis has positively promoted the employment of the entire technology(knowledge)-intensive industries;the export structure effect on employment is very weak;In addition to the positive employment of employment in labor-intensive service industries and technology(knowledge)-intensive industries,the contribution to employment in capital-intensive service industries is negative.To this end,this paper suggests that we should expand the scale of exports and optimize the structure of export industries,gradually participate in technology and capital-intensive links,and create jobs for highly skilled labor.At the same time,we must pay more attention to product innovation and encourage enterprise innovation to stimulate service industry,especially technology.The potential of(knowledge)intensive industries;to maintain the advantages of exporting traditional commodities,more attention should be paid to the export of technology-intensive products;...