| Objective:To understand and analyze the nutrition and health status of adolescent athletes and their cognition of nutrition knowledge,and further explore the effect of nutritional guidance on the improvement of nutrition status of athletes,so as to provide a basis for better nutrition education for this group.Methods:The study is divided into two parts.In the first part,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate and analyze the nutrition attitudes,nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of the swimmers(42)in Shanghai Lu-wan juvenile sports school and ordinary middle school students(46)of Shanghai Lu-wan;The second part,Randomly selected from the 42 swimmer experimental group and the control group,the nutrition knowledge lectures,We Chat regularly in the form of group interview and personalized guidance nutrition education intervention,time for 3 months,by weighing method and24-hour dietary review method,it is concluded that the athletes dose of dietary,using "dietary survey data analysis of auxiliary system V1.0" software to analyze the intake of nutrients,at the same time use the body fat meter(TBF-418B),height gauge(BSM370)measuring body composition.Blood biochemical indexes using automatic chemistry analyzer(ACA)test.Results:1.The questionnaire results:(1)Accept the status of nutrition education shows: Ordinary middle school students(64.3%)and athletes(81.0%)had never been exposed to nutrition-related courses or lectures;Athletes(26.2%)and ordinary middle school students(19.6%)did not know about“The athletes dietary guidelines”and“Chinese residents a balanced diet pagoda”,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P >0.05).(2)Nutrition attitude:Subjects are universal dietary nutrition is important for physical health and sports training,but the degree of attention to the self-diet and nutrition,binding nutrition attitude is not very ideal,there was no significant difference between two groups(P > 0.05).(3)Nutritional knowledge : In the nutritional knowledge question of "main energy-supplying substances during exercise",the correct answer rates of middle school students and athletes were 28.3% and 45.2%,respectively.In the "main food source of protein" question,the accuracy rate of the average middle school students and athletes was 91.3 percent and 83.8 percent,respectively.Middle school students and athletes were correct 71.7 percent and 71.4 percent of the time,respectively.In the knowledge of nutrition related to vitamins and minerals,the accuracy of the average middle school students and athletes is more than 80%,which is ideal.(4)Dietary behavior:The percentage of athletes(92.9%)eating breakfast every day was significantly higher than that of middle school students(76.1%),P<0.01.Regular middle school students(23.9%)and athletes(21.4%)had poor eating behaviors that frequently substituted snacks for meals.Ordinary middle school students(94.8%)and athletes(63.3%)did not know or eat sports nutrition,and there was a significant difference between them(P<0.05).Meanwhile,ordinary middle school students(37%)and athletes(40.5%)still did not pay attention to food collocation,but the ordinary middle school students(73.9%)and athletes(61.9%),three meals a day diet is regular,follow the timing.(5)KAP score:Nutrition attitudes and dietary behavior have significant correlation(P <0.01,r = 0.4134,and the eating behavior of athletes and nutrition knowledge score lower than nutrition.2.Nutrition guidance for athletes nutrition improved effect:(1)Body composition results:The experimental group athletes after three months of dietary nutritional guidance,muscle content,body fat rate are decreased,especially female athlete body fat rate was significantly lower(P < 0.01).(2)Dietary intake of the results:The experimental group athletes after three months of nutritional guidance,compared with before intervention,energy intake was significantly increased(P < 0.01).Carbohydrate energy than significantly increased from 49% to 54%(P < 0.01),fat energy ratio decreased from 32% to 28%,and the protein power than lower by 21% to 17%,the animal protein intake increased significantly(P < 0.05),plant protein intake was significantly reduced(P < 0.01).(3)Blood biochemical results : The experimental group athletes after nutritional guidance,hemoglobin,total protein,albumin and globulin there was no significant difference(P > 0.05),levels were in normal range.Conclusion:1.Compared with middle school students of the same age,the KAP scores of the teenage swimmers were higher,and the nutritional knowledge and eating behavior scores of the swimmers were lower than the nutritional attitude.2.Nutritional guidance to improve the dietary structure of adolescent swimmers have a positive effect,which shows that the energy supply of the three major energy substances gradually tends to be reasonable,especially the proportion and quantity of high-quality protein intake in dietary protein have been improved.But it had no effect on serum protein nutrient level. |
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