Nancy Cartwright's Scientific Model Research

It is generally believed that the scientific theory is universal and interpretive,Science equals truth,which is also the idea of modern mainstream scientific concept.For a long time,holism,universal ideology occupies the subject status of the research of Chinese science and philosophy,although some scholars to rebut,but did not shaken status of holism,universalism and unified fundamentally.In the most people's opinion,the world we live in is a world of laws,systems and hierarchies.However,Professor Nancy Cartwright of the London School of Economics in Britain proposed the opposite view:"The Dappled World" was proposed and pointed out that the universal truth of science is questionable,Theory is not directly face the reality,but need to all kinds of model as an intermediary,scientific theory through nomological machine to produce and use.The field of traditional philosophy of science is concerned with abstract theory,but the characteristic of Cartwright's thought research is to emphasize scientific practice.She has made a practical exposition of scientific theory,taking the path of naturalism.She supports local reality and opposes the scientific view of fundamentalism.She believes that the scientific model can be used as an intermediary to communicate scientific theories and disordered world,so as to make the scientific theory concrete.More advocate the use of nomological machine and the ability practice science,for the formation and use of the scientific law conditions.This article focuses on the theory of Cartwright's scientific model.The first chapter makes a preliminary exploration of the main sources of her thoughts.Dion,Muller,and Neurath have more obvious influence on her,Among the many scholars who influence Cartwright.Especially Mill's tendency,Cartwright's ability is a special tendency.The second chapter analyzes the main content of its scientific model.The first section explains the concept of competence in detail.The definition of understanding ability is the cornerstone of understanding the nomological machine;the second section focus from natural science to social science.The application of the machine in the socio-economic field;the third section is the application of the nomological machine in the field of probability.The third chapter explained and introspected the relationship between the nomological machine and the world,to explain the complexity of the world and the diversity of the model.Finally,the author's goal is not to deny that the world has its system,but the system is only accidental,more is dappled.Cartwright's research on the philosophy of science is very forward-looking.some of the viewpoints she proposed can often have a certain influence on the development after the philosophy of science.She thinks that science is too conceited.The world is not necessarily at the system level,a dappled world is also possible.It is hoped that this will prompt science to appear in a more humble manner,and it will also enable scientists to focus more on the use of science for the benefit of people.