| Modern society is confronted with a series of severe resource crisis and environmental problems brought about by the disorderly usage of marine.On the basis of absorbing the experience and performance on land,this paper focuses on how to make full use of marine rationally,scientifically and sustainably by space planning.This paper summarizes the concepts,methods,development history and main achievements of space planning and marine space planning from the existing domestic and foreign documentation.The main steps of marine space planning are to determine the research area,divide basic investigation units,investigate the activities of the sea and the characteristics of marine ecosystem in the study area,and superimpose all kinds of information to establish corresponding information database.Then they use scenario analyses and extensive public opinion surveys to ascertain the final planning.Spatial overlay analysis method and index system method are selected as the main methods,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combining qualitative and quantitative analyses is used to plan ocean space.Based on the natural regional differentiation theory,regional function and planning theory,cooperative planning theory,spatial data and related theory,human-land relationship theory and sustainable development theory,a theoretical system of small-scale ocean spatial planning is constructed in this study.It stipulates that the sea areas below provincial level are small-scale ocean space,generally at the city and county levels.We determine the major planning methods and processes basing on the natural conditions,taking the ecological protection and rational development of resources as core,selecting the development and utilization zones and reserve zones by the evaluation of the marine ecological carrying capacity and the suitability of development and utilization and judging the zoning from top to bottom,and then judging and adjusting the rationality of zoning from bottom to top in combination with the current situations of development and utilization.Finally,the same regional aggregation will be unified according to the specific functions to complete the small-scale marine space planning.It is divided into three levels:identification of key ecological regions,ecological carrying capacity of marine environment and suitability evaluation of marine development and utilization.Firstly,ecological protection zones are determined by identifying key ecological areas such as national control areas,intertidal zones with natural shorelines and estuarine wetlands.Secondly,an environmental and ecological evaluation index system is established to evaluate the marine environment and ecological bearing capacity from four aspects:water environment quality,sediment environment quality,ecological status and fishery resources.Meanwhile,we establish the suitability evaluation index system from five aspects:traffic conditions,location advantages,development agglomeration degree,relationship with protected areas and natural shoreline.Comprehensive weighting methods are applied in two index systems to evaluate the suitability of marine development.Finally,the combination of two sets of evaluation results helps to distinguish ecological protection areas,development and utilization areas and reserve areas.Here,we pay more attention to the analysis and classification of fishery resources,port resources and tourism resources.The Lianyungang sea area is selected as an application example of marine spatial planning method.Firstly,11 ecological protection areas including two core areas,three protection points,territorial sea base islands,five natural shoreline intertidal zones and estuarine wetlands were identified by key ecological areas.Secondly,the ecological bearing capacity of marine environment in Lianyungang area was obtained by index calculation and evaluation using the collected data from 40 monitoring stations.Results showed the moderate to good level in general,except the coastal waters from Chengzi Estuary to Guanhe Estuary which were the worst.Besides,the suitability of Lianyungang marine development and utilization was calculated and evaluated according to the suitability evaluation index system by 1121 constructed grids in kilometer scale.Results showed that the overall suitability of Lianyungang marine development and utilization is relatively high,displaying a trend roughly paralleling to the coastline and gradually deteriorating towards the sea.Areas with the best suitability are the surroundings of Xuweigang.Based on the results of carrying capacity evaluation and suitability evaluation,Lianyungang was divided into exploitable development and utilization zones,weak development and utilization zones,restricted development and utilization zones,reserve zones and ecological protection zones.Then,the distribution of fishery resources in Lianyungang was analyzed by interpolation based on the measured data of 54 fishery resources survey stations in spring and autumn,respectively.The resource-intensive areas were classified as open agricultural and fishery production areas.The evaluation index systems of port resources and tourism resources were used to evaluate the development of single resources in the selected ports and tourist areas.In summary,sea area in Lianyungang was divided into marine protected area,important ecological area,renovation area,open aquaculture area,tidal-land aquaculture area,agricultural and fishery production area,port shipping area,tourism leisure area,special utilization area and reserved area.From the proportion of each area,our division is more scientific and balanced,which is conducive to all-round and multi-level marine development,utilization and protection.Small-scale marine spatial planning based on cities and counties is an effective tool and decision-making basis for coordinating marine ecological protection and sustainable utilization of resources in coastal areas.The existing marine spatial planning commonly takes the provincial sea area as the planning scope.It is difficult to refine the evaluation and division of marine environmental ecology and resources,and the guidance is relatively poor.On the premise of theoretical feasibility,data availability and appropriate methods,this paper establishes a scientific and reasonable theoretical system of marine spatial planning,which has wide applicability and feasibility.Our proposal guides the rational allocation of space resources,provides a way for promoting the construction of ecological civilization,and can be applied in the municipal sea area.It is conducive to the orderly development and protection of space by coordinating the needs of all aspects of marine space and optimizing the spatial layout of marine resources development and protection.Besides,it is of great significance to standardize marine development,renovate ecologically sensitive areas and protect marine ecology.From a small-scale perspective,it can provide some reference for China's large-scale top-down ocean spatial planning,provide certain methodological basis for precise zoning of ocean areas,and have a strong practical significance for improving the research system of China's marine spatial planning. |
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