Electroacupuncture Regulates Oxidative Stress And Mitochondrial Morphology To Improve The Mechanism Of Insulin Resistance

Objective:This study aims to observe the intervention of Electro-acupuncture to the basic indicators such as insulin resistance in rats fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostasis model assessment-IR(HOMA-IR),and on this basis,to discuss the effect of Electro-acupuncture which may reduce glucose and improve insulin resistance.The study observes the diffent content of the serum reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA),Superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)through oxidative stress to estimate the intervention of the Electroacupuncture to oxidative stress.The study also observes expression of proteins in skeletal muscle,for example dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),mitochondrial fission protein 1(Fis1),mitofusins 1(Mfnl),mitofusins 2(Mfn2),and observes the morphological structure of skeletal muscle mitochondria through Electron microscope,then evaluates the effect of Electro-acupuncture to the dynamics of skeletal muscle mitochondria and mitochondria morphology.The comprehensive analysis of the mechanism that Electro-acupuncture improves insulin on resistancing and treating Type 2 diabetes may exist,and the mechanism provides experimental basis for clinical treatment of Type 2 diabetes by acupuncture.Methods:14 male Zucker diabetic fatty rats(ZDF)(fa/fa)and 7 male Zucker lean rats(ZL)(fa/+)were selected as research objects,After adaptively feeding for 1 week,they were fed with Purina#5008 fodder during the subsequent intervention.After 4 weeks,fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)were tested in rats.Both FBG and OGTT2h were greater than 11.1mmol/L as the criteria for successful modeling.According to FBG,the modeled ZDF rats were randomly divided into model group and Electro-acupuncture group,and ZL rats were considered as blank group.The blank group and model group did not take any intervention measures.The rats of Electro-acupuncture group were stimulated ST36,SP6,EX-B3 and BL20 on both sides with continuous wave,15Hz frequency and about 2mA output current at 20 minutes once,and one day off after the intervention of six days which runs for 4 weeks.Tested the FBG of the tail of rats at three periods:before the modeling,before the intervention and after the intervention.After all interventions,the rats were anesthetized with 2%pentobarbital sodium intraperitoneal injection,and then took blood from the abdominal aorta of rats to detect FINS,ROS,MDA,SOD,T-AOC in serum.Next,took the quadriceps of rats to detect the protein expression of Drp 1,Fis1,Mfnl,Mfn2 in skeletal muscles by Western blot.Then,fixed the quadriceps with Bouin and made it into slices,and observed the morphological structure of mitochondria of skeletal muscle through Electron microscope.Results:Electro-acupuncture can effectively reduce fasting blood glucose in T2DM rats(P<0.05),improve high FINS levels,and reduce HOMA-IR in rats(P<0.05).Research on the mechanism of the above interventions shows that electro-acupuncture can reduce ROS production in T2DM rats(P<0.05),significantly reduce MDA levels(P<0.01);meanwhile protect antioxidants,promote SOD generation(P<0.05),maintain T-AOC level.In terms of mitochondria,electroacupuncture can effectively protect the integrity of skeletal muscle mitochondrial morphology and structure,making it tightly arranged and clear in structure.At the same time,electro-acupuncture can also reduce the expression of mitochondrial fission-related protein Drp1(P<0.05),down-regulate the expression of Fis1 protein(P<0.01),and promote the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn1 and Mfn2(P<0.05),thereby regulating mitochondrial dynamics.Conclusion:This research uses the modelling method of feeding ZDF rats with Purina#5008 fodder to simulate the common clinical symptoms and indicators of Type 2 diabetes,such as fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,and insulin resistance,which proves that the model is suitable for studying insulin resistance of Type 2 diabetes.It shows that Electro-acupuncture can control the increase of fasting blood glucose in T2DM rats to a certain extent and reduce fasting insulin,lower the high insulin level which caused by insulin resistance and reduce the insulin resistance index to improve insulin resistance.Electro-acupuncture can effectively lower the levels of MDA and ROS in T2DM rats,reduce the level of oxides in the body,maintain the levels of SOD and T-AOC to protect the body’s antioxidant capacity,and thereby adjust the balance of the antioxidant-oxidation system to relieve the oxidative stress in T2DM rats.Electro-acupuncture also can regulate mitochondrial kinetics-related proteins,increase mitochondrial fusion,and reduce mitochondrial division to relieve morphological structure and function of mitochondria which would be damaged by the insulin resistance.To sum up,electro-acupuncture can protect the morphological structure of mitochondria through relieving oxidative stress.And at the same time,it will regulate mitochondrial dynamics,reduce fragmentation of mitochondria and enhance stability of mitochondria.With the help of reducing the dysfunctional mitochondria and increasing the glucose metabolism of Type 2 diabetes in rats,it will achieve the possible mechanism of improving insulin resistance and lowering blood sugar.