A Study Of "special X" Adverbs In Modern Chinese

The "Te-x"type of modal adverbs in modern Chinese are kinds of adverbs with the same or;similar semantic meaning,which is aggregated with "Te" as the common morpheme.Mainlyinclude"Te","Te-di","Te-yi","Te-bie","Te-ci","Te-wei"these six.In syntactic aspect,the main syntactic function of "Te-x" is adverbial.In combination with thestructural auxiliary word "de",Some can add "de",Some can not add "de".In combination withverbs,the combination ability of "Te","Te-di","Te-yi" and "Te-bie" is obviously stronger than that of"Te-wei" and "Te-ci".The "Te-x" type of modal adverbs can be combined with most verbs,but can not be combined with existential verbs and volitive auxiliary.The verb collocation of "Te-x" type ofmodal adverbs has the semantic feature of[+person][+self][+consume][+expending][+neutral]:[+commendatory].The "Te-x" type of modal adverbs can be combined with adverbs,prepositionalphrase and special sentence pattern,the "Te-x" type of modal adverbs are usually placed before theseadverbs,prepositional phrase and special sentence pattern.Sometimes,according to the principle of importance,them can also be placed behind them.In terms of semantics,the emphasis of "Te-x" adverbs on behavior subject,behavior mode,behavior result and nature of behavior has both commonness and difference.On the behaviorsubject,both "Te-x" adverbs can be used to emphasize that the subject "has a will to do something"and "intentionally behave differently than usual",but only "Te-yi" can express the will that "know itshouldn’t,but must do it."On the behavior mode,"Te-x" adverbs can be used to emphasize that "acertain action is done by the actor personally" and "something takes a certain amount of time or effortto complete."On the behavior result,all the "Te-x"modal adverbs can be used to emphasize the resultof behavior.On the nature of behavior,all the "te-x" modal adverbs can be used to emphasize theseriousness of the action.The "Te-x" type of modal adverbs all have the semantic characteristics of[+person][+pertinence][-conveniently][-random][+autonomous].In the semantic direction,thesemantic of "Te-yi" direct to the anterior agent subject,and the other "Te-x" type of modal adverbsdirect to the posterior predicate verbs.On the pragmatic function,the "Te-x" adverbs have the functionof subjective evaluation,focus and face saving.In terms of style distribution,The use frequency of"Te-x" type modal adverbs in written is higher that in speaking.In the diachronic evolution of semantics,the meaning of "specifically for something"of the modaladverb is evolved from the "different general" meaning,"Te-yi" solidified into a word at Yuan:Dynasty which was used as a modal adverb."Te-di" has become a modal adverb in the TangDynasty."Te-ci" was first seen in the Xihan Dynasty,which has become a word in Tang Dynasty andmature in the Republic of China."Te-bie" was first seen in the Sui and Tang dynasties whose usege isequivalent to "special"."Te-wei" first appeared in the warring States period in the form of cross-layer::structure and became a word in Xijin Dynasty.The motivation and mechanism of the vacuity of "Te"adverb is mainly the change of syntactic position and the cognitive mechanism of metaphor.Themotivation and mechanism of lexicalization of "Te-yi","Te-di","Te-bie","Te-wei","Te-ci" moadaladverbs are mainly the disyllabic and reanalysis.In addition,There are great similarities as well as some difference in syntax,semantics andpragmatics between "Te-x" and "Zhuan-x" type adverbs.In general,the commonness of "Te-x" type of modal adverbs is greater than that of individuality.There are also more commonness than individualities between "Te-x" type modaladverbs and "Zhuan-x" type of modal adverbs.