The Study Of The Semantic Structure And Syntactic Function Of Subject-predicate Compound Words

In contemporary Chinese language,the subject-predicate compound words are a very special and very important form of word formation.Compared with other types of compound words,scholars pay less attention to them,and their research results are also one-sided and fragmented.As a link between morphology and syntax,each type of compound word should be paid due attention.Therefore,this topic is guided by the linguistic semantics theory.From two aspects of internal semantic structure and external syntactic functions,the subject-predicate compound words are systematically and comprehensively analyzed.and the research conclusions are of great value to lexical semantics and vocabulary teaching for foreigners.Firstly,we screened and confirmed the object and corpus of this article.Taking the "Modern Chinese Dictionary"(7th edition)as a closed domain,392 subject-predicate compound words were selected as research objects.In addition,based on the CCL corpus and the modern Chinese corpus of Peking University,these 392-word corresponding example sentences were screened,and 3,920 real example sentences were selected as the corpus,and an annotation markup corpus was constructed.Secondly,from the perspective of static lexical semantics,we analyze the mutual selection mechanism of the internal morpheme of the subject-predicate compound words and construct a semantic combination model.Specifically,first,based on the research results of the predecessors,the main morphemes are divided into four categories according to the meanings of the internal morphemes:[alleged pronouns],[names and phrases],[time words],and[others],and it is further divided into 11 subcategories.The predicative morpheme is divided into seven categories:[action],[activity],[phenomenon],[state],[property value],[event value],and[humanity value],and these 7 categories are specifically divided into 20 subcategories.Second,on the basis of semantic classification,the two-way selection analysis of the semantic combination of the main morpheme and predicate morpheme is performed.Specifically,this paper analyzes the choices of the 11 lexical types of the subject morpheme to the vocabulary semantics of the morpheme,and obtains the strong and weak sequences of various prime morphemes.Then the main morpheme-righteousness is chosen as the object of choice,and the choice of the main morpheme-righteousness of the 20 lexical pronouns of the predicate morpheme is analyzed,and the strong-weak sequences of the main morpheme-righteousness of the various predicate-righteousness choices are obtained.Finally,on the basis of the analysis of the semantic selection,this topic has summarized 11 categories and 67 subcategories of semantic combination patterns of subject-predicate compound words.Thirdly,the internal structure of the subject-predicate compound words is analyzed from the perspective of a dynamic lattice relationship.As the result of syntactic structure lexicalization,subject-predicate compound words often have isomorphism in terms of internal semantic relations with subject-predicate phrases.Firstly,classify the predicate elements in the subject--predicate compound words,and it is divided into action nucleus,empirical nucleus,trait nucleus,and relational nucleus according to the semantic condition of the predicate morpheme.Then analyze what are the vocabulary and semantic categories that serve these categories.Based on this,we will summarize the semantic structure with the main morpheme as the center.Secondly,classify the semantic roles of subject morphemes in such compound words into agents,subjects,subjects,affiliations,methods,locations,and time categories,and analyze which vocabulary and semantic categories act as these semantic roles.On this basis,the semantic structure is summarized with the predicate morpheme as the center.Finally,the choice of predicate morphemes by the same subject morpheme is analyzed from the perspective of word sense and class relationship.Fourth,this paper analyzes the external grammatical functions and their features of the subject-predicate compound words.At the external syntactic level,this topic examines the characteristics and distribution of the whole structure in the context of syntactic combination from two aspects:the syntactic role of the subject-predicate compound word and the combination with other components,and analyzes the Co-occurrence of the subject-predicate compound verbs and Time-body Categories.It is concluded that when the subject-predicate compound word is used as a syntactic component in a sentence,its superior function is to serve as a predicate and attributive,and most will not act as complements and adverbials;The subject-predicate compound words have strong independence in sentences,and can be used alone in sentences in most cases.The subject-predicate compound words have poor ability to combine sentences with complements;it is often followed by no object.Fifth,the relationship between the internal semantics and the external functions of the subject-predicate compound words was investigated.Through analysis,it is found that the internal semantics of the subject-predicate compound restricts its external syntactic functions to some extent.Specifically,the main grammatical functions of the subject-predicate compound words are predicates influenced by their internal predicate morphemes.Due to the special structure of the subject-predicate compound word itself,only a few subject-predicate compound words can take objects.They often do not have a complement,and subject-predicate compound words rarely appear in front of the subject component.The external syntactic functions of the subject-predicate compound words have two aspects of their internal semantics:The syntactic function has a certain effect on the judgment of the internal structure of the subject-predicate compound words.The subject-predicate compound words will focus on the choice of semantics when they serve as different syntactic functions.In summary,this topic researches the subject-predicate compound words from two levels of internal semantic structure and external syntactic function,analyzes their mutual morpheme selection mechanism from the perspective of semantics,constructs a semantic combination model,and analyzes the subject-predicate Syntactic usages and combinations of compound words.All research on this topic is based on real corpus and insists on the combination of quantitative analysis and description.Due to the limited time and energy,the study of this article is not deep enough.In particular,the research on the interaction and restriction between internal semantics and syntactic functions is still weak.The regularity and reasons of the constraints are the issues that need to be further studied in the next step.In addition,the lexicalization and other issues of subject-predicate compound words need to be further studied.