On The Logical Basis Of Singularity Judgment And Its Chinese Expression

The singular property judgement is to determine whether a unique object of thinking or a certain class of thinking objects has certain property.Logic is the reflection of thinking.The singular property judgement(hereinafter referred to as the“Chinese singular property judgement sentence”)is a commonly used way of thinking and expression in our daily life.At present,the logic circle has less research on the logical characteristics of the singular property judgement,but the linguistic circle has not studied the expression form of the singular property judgement sentence in the Chinese language.Therefore,we think these problems are worth discussing.From three angles of logic,linguistics and philosophy of language,this paper tries to show the expressive forms and characteristics of the singular property judgement in terms of linguistic form,grammar and semantics.This article is divided into three parts:The first part is the logical basis of the singular property judgement.In this part,we start from the logical form in three aspects of logical expression,logical classification and logical reasoning,we establish the logical basis of the singular property judgement in these three aspects.We think that main item of the singular property judgement sentence can be either a single concept or a universal concept,and its logical expression is that "(this)S is P"(this)S is not P ";" a S is P "" a S is not P".In the form of logical expression,we mainly consider the extensional relationship between conception and conception of main item and predicate.The second part is the Chinese expression of the singular property judgement.In this part,from the point of view of Chinese grammar and parts of speech,we study the expressions of "quantity item","main item" "copula " and "predicate" in Chinese singular property judgement sentence.Based on Chinese corpus,we found its regularity and characteristics in the rich and varied forms of the Chinese singular property judgement sentence There are mainly two forms of lexical structure in it: "noun +(be)+ noun" and " noun +(be)+ verb".The main item of the Chinese singular property judgement sentence is mainly noun words,and the predicate can be a noun or a predicate word.The third part,is the features of proper nouns and descriptions in the Chinese singular property judgement sentence.In this part,we start from he syntactic framework of the Chinese singular property judgement sentence,and find that theproper noun and the description have the Semantic characteristics of referential use and descriptive use,which is shown as the Marked opposition brought by the "syntactic position".We use the markedness theory to analyze and explore it.Through the study,we think that,in logic,the singular judgement should not be simply "inclued" in universal judgment,and it has its own independent Logical characteristics and logic status;in grammar,the Chinese singular property judgement sentence have rich and varied forms of expression,and have their own characteristics and rules.This undoubtedly shows an extensive and profound Chinese language.