A Study Of The Positioning Of The Tang And Song Schools From The Perspective Of The Neo-Confucianism Of The Song And Ming Dynasties

Based on the construction requirements of the political,literary and ideological aspects of the ancient prose movement in the Middle Tang Dynasty,the paper puts the historical orientation of the Tang-Song schools into practice of the imperial examination system since the Song and Yuan dynasties and the popularization of Confucianism.It is considered in the cultural tradition of the change of thought of Neo-Confucianism.This paper clarifies the academic thought,literary theory and practice of the representative characters of Tang-Song School,and brings it into the concrete link of the development of Song Ming's Neo-Confucianism,and finally identifies the concrete historical status of the Tang-Song School.The paper consists of seven chapters.The first two chapters mainly combed the development status of the above three levels before the Song Dynasty and Ming Jiajing,and regarded Ouyang Xiu,Zhu Xi,and Wang Shouren as the three nodes of the harmonious and unified state showing different properties and degrees on the separation track of literature and the Way,revealing the ideological tradition and the background of times of Tang-Song School.The emphasis is laid on the formation of the tradition of elegant literature,which is based on Neo-Confucianism.The chapters from the third and the sixth respectively discuss the development of Wang Shenzhong,Tang Shunzhi,Gui Youguang,Mao Kun's academic thought in the environment of the times,in order to put their literary theory into the framework of overall academic thought.Thus,it reveals the academic origin,practical value and deficiency of his literary theory.On the basis of Cai Qing's Neo-Confucianism,Wang Shenzhong,with the help of Yangming's theory of mind,explained Cai Qing's aim of emphasizing "vacuity",and formed the ideological structure of both external moral norms and internal transcendental realm.In his later years,he further absorbed Buddhist and Taoist thoughts and leaned toward the interior,forming the ideological color of "three religions".Wang's thought of Neo-Confucianism belongs to the school of Mind,but it pays more attention to carrying forward the tradition of Min School through the psychological interpretation of Neo-Confucianism in the middle of Fujian so as to get rid of the mode of thinking of exegesis to adapt to the trend of thought of the times.Wang's literary theory mainly embodies the characteristics of both meaning and law,and can accept the unbalanced moral feelings,which profound influenced on his creative practice.Wang's late years showed a theoretical tendency to transcend Qin and Han dynasties,Tang and Song dynasties,and close to the theory of "Ben Se Lun",but it was not reflected in his creation in time.In his early years,Tang Shunzhi,on the basis of his early understanding of the spirit of the Msster Zhuang,deepened the experience of the school of Mind,and was influenced by Cheng and Zhu's and his own practical interest,and finally formed the Neo-Confucianism system,which merged the theories of Zhu and Wang and the practical operation.The combination of the Way and the concrete things,the principle and the heart,the spirits and the law is the ideal of one's one-to-one.The theory of Tang's theory is realized mainly by the theory of "Tian Ji Shuo" on the Neo-Confucianism and "Ben Se Lun" on literature,but it does not neglect the application of the principle in the actual creation,the performance of which is mostly the experience of the state of the Mind and the prevailing moral feeling,and is deeply influenced by the the containment of practice on compositions in early-year-old.Gui Youguang is mainly to follow Wei Xiao's theory which attach importance to the "Mind" and "respect" in the course of Neo-Confucianism,Fundamentally speaking,he agrees that the theory of Zhu and Lu are same and supports the school of Master Zhu mainly,and at the same time,it highlights the primitive status of the "Mind",and attaches importance to the general human feeling on the basis of the theory of nature and emotion.On the interpretation of Confucianism,he restores Zhuxi's classical interpretation method.He stresses the homogeneity of the "Mind" and the "canon",the core of the combination of the Confucianism and Taoism is shown in the specific classical annotation operation,and the external development of the "Mind" is extended to the field of history,thus putting forward the practical ideas of "the study of the Ancient Classic through the Classic".His literary theory is more traditional,but its creative practice shows a more pure style of the prose written in Song Dynasty,but it is inevitable to reveal the annotation connotation and expression means of the school of Mind.Mao Kun's choice of thinking outlet when he could not understand Yangming's post-academic thought was to turn to the original tenet contained in Yangming's legacy and to position himself as a writer with the help of "Ben Se Lun".Mao's literary theory is mainly "Qing Zhi Shuo" and "Wen Tong Lun".The former further eliminates the strong moral philosophical color of Yangming's theory,but it shows the dialectical thought of the school of Mind because of the theory of the relationship between mind and things established in Yangming's theory.The latter separated them from the "Taigeti Style" and ruled by the "Seven-Person School",thus completing the mission of constructing the "Tang-Song School" into the mainstream school of ancient prose,and also making the "Tang-Song School" merged into the colorful literary trend of thought in the late Ming Dynasty in the self-digestion during the theory communication and practice.In the final chapter,on the basis of macro-narration and micro-analysis in the previous chapter,the "Tang-Song School" was positioned as an ancient prose school which in the ideological trend of Neo-Confucianism in the mid-Ming period took the mind-oriented Neo-Confucianism thought as the guiding spirit to maintain the elegant and traditional style of literature forwardly,supported by many Neo-Confucianists in their external theories and creations,in order to resist the adverse effects of the pure retro-ancient trend of thought in literature,but in the end,to a certain extent,leading to the separation of the identities of writers and theorists,canonizes Tang and Song ancient prose principles and inherits the ancient literary principles of spirits of Pre-Qin and Han dynasties,named according to the name of Qin-Han School.