Preliminary Research On Bronze Buckets In Shang And Zhou Dynasties

Bronze Dou appeared in the late Shang Dynasty and was popular in the late Shang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.It has a variety of types,so it has distinctive features in function and distribution.By collating and studying its system,it is helpful to understand its overall development and change process,and to grasp its features in functions,decorations,and distribution.On the basis of collecting bronze Dou from Shang and Zhou dynasties,this paper collated,analyzed and studied it by using the methods and theories of archaeology,cultural factor analysis and statistics.The main contents are as follows.The first part is the research status and naming of bronze Dou.At present,the research on bronze Dou focuses on the discussion of a specific issue.The study of bronze Dou is only discussed in some general works and individual articles,and there is a lack of collation and research on its system.As for the confusion of the title of Dou and spoon,the article decides that Dou and spoon are two different artifacts through their own name Dou and the evolution characteristics of Dou and spoon shape.This kind of object is the object of this article.The second part is the typology analysis and staging of bronze Dou.According to the difference in the size and shape of its head,there are six categories:A,B,C,D,E and special device.Except for the complex and changeable type of B type,the remaining types of changes are not large.On the basis of the pattern division,its development and evolution process is divided into four phases.The third part,the function of bronze Dou.Through combing the position information of the bronze Dou when it was unearthed,and combining with the literature records and the bronze Dou inscriptions,it is concluded that the armor Dou is a rare wine vessel;Class B Dou are mainly used for scoop out water,and individual ones are used for scoop out wine.Class C Dou are the opposite.They are mainly used for scoop out wine,and a few are used for scoop out water;The functions of E and D are biased towards sacrifice.The fourth part,the shape of bronze Dou and decorative art.Including plastic arts and textures.Modeling is embodied in the combination of reality and merit,rich and changeable,clever design,and a perfect combination of practicality and artistry.The decoration is dominated by animal patterns,supplemented by geometric patterns,and is more exquisite and complicated,reflecting the complex mentality of people on animals,ghosts and gods during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.The fifth part,the use of bronze Dou crowd.The use of copper Dou is more extensive.It can be found in the tombs of low-level aristocrats and senior nobles.The gender differences are not particularly clear,and the characteristics of the clan are more obvious.From the late Shang Dynasty to tlhe early Western Zhou Dynasty,they were mostly used by Yin or Yinyimin.During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,most of the non-Ji Zhou people used it.The sixth part,the regional characteristics of bronze Dou.Shang and Zhou bronze Dou were invented by Yin Ruins and gradually spread around.It is mainly distributed in Shaanxi,Henan and Hubei regions.The Shaanxi region is the most active area for the development of bronze Dou.It is the same as the Henan region.The center of gravity of the distribution of armor should be related to the location of the center of political power.The B and C categories are mainly distributed in areas covered by the Chu culture.