The Effect Of Landmark Position On The Improvement Of Navigational Auditory Prompt Information

Landmark location effect refers to that the location and orientation of landmark at the decision point will affect the individual’s spatial memory about the decision point.Previous studies on this issue are few.It is generally believed that the position in the turning direction before the intersection in the intersection is the dominant position(position D).The purpose of this study is to prove the existence of the landmark location effect and to put forward suggestions for improving the prompt content of the navigation information system on the basis of the landmark location effect.Landmark location effect is related to landmark’s structural significance.It emphasizes the importance of landmark’s spatial attribute.The key and difficult point of this study is to control and balance landmark’s visual significance and semantic significance.In addition,the subjects used keyboard and mouse to walk freely in the virtual maze created by sketch up,which is also an innovation of the experiment.Experiment 1 is a two-factor mixed design.Landmark location is the within subject factor and task direction is the between subject factor.After learning the route,half of the subjects repeated the route and the other half returned to the route.In experiment one,a mixed design of two factors was adopted,and 48 subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment.The experimental results show that: in the repeated path task,the b and d positions are the best landmark positions;D is the best landmark position in the return path task.Experiment 2 is a three-factor mixed design.Landmark location and task direction are the between subject factors,and voice command type is the within subject factor.On the basis of experiment 1,navigation prompt information types were introduced,and 48 subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to control group(voice prompt "left/right turn at front intersection" before turning intersection),direction specific information group(voice prompt "left/right turn at flower intersection" before turning intersection),and direction non-specific information group(voice prompt "turn to flower in the same direction/reverse direction" before turning intersection).In experiment 2,we want to study whether different types of cue information will affect the subjects’ learning of spatial scenes,and whether landmark location effect has interaction with navigation cue information types.The results show that the landmark position effect is the weakest when the subjects are prompted with instructions containing direction-specific information.The landmark position effect is strongest when the subjects are provided with instructions containing direction non-specific information.In general,when the subjects are prompted with instructions containing direction-specific information,it is more beneficial for the subjects to remember the route.To sum up,this study can prove that the landmark location effect exists,and different types of voice commands will affect the strength of the landmark location effect,thus it can be preliminarily inferred that the landmark location effect exists because of the non-specific encoding of landmarks by individuals at decision points.Automobile manufacturers and navigation system development companies can use this to improve the information presentation methods of existing navigation systems.