| Isosorbide dinitrate is a clinically important drug used as a systemic vasodilator. It is available in different dosage forms, such as tablets, sprays, intravenous infusion. Since for convenient administration, topical systems are gaining popularity, this study was undertaken to screen various formulations for the in-vitro release of Isosorbide dinitrate from various topical bases including Carbopol 934 gel base, Hydrophilic ointment base, and HPMC gel base. The release studies were carried out employing Franz-Chin diffusion cells using cellulose membrane and human cadaver skin as the diffusion barrier. The general rank order for the drug release from the various bases through cellulose membrane was observed to be: HPMC base > Carbopol 934 gel > Hydrophilic ointment. In addition, various additive ingredients known to enhance the drug release from the topical bases were evaluated at various concentration levels. These included diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol, and ethanol. Additives, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethanol at all concentration levels showed good effects on the drug release from Carbopol 934 gel base, and the optimum drug release was observed with 10% ethanol in the formulation.;Furthermore, this optimum formulation with the maximum in-vitro release through the cellulose membrane was evaluated for the in-vitro release of drug using human cadaver skin. Here, as expected, the amount of drug release was observed to be lower than through the cellulose membrane but exhibited similar release rate pattern.;The in-vitro release data were treated with various kinetic principles to determine the relevant parameters, such as steady state flux, diffusion coefficient, permeability coefficient and partition coefficient. The optimum formulation showed highest steady state flux, diffusion coefficient, permeability coefficient and lowest partition coefficient. |
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