| Analysis and evaluation of the quality of tobacco leaves is of vital importance to the development of high-quality tobacco leaves and the improvement of tobacco availability.The superior ecological conditions provide a guarantee for the supply of raw materials for high-quality tobacco leaves,and also a necessary requirement for highlighting the characteristics of tobacco leaves.However,there are few comparative studies on Fujian tobacco areas.To this end,this paper explores the comparison of the appearance quality,physical properties,chemical indicators,aroma substances and smoking results of the same grade of flue-cured tobacco in the three main tobacco-producing areas(Sanming,Longyan,Nanping)of Fujian and Fujian provinces.Further statistical analysis of the correlation analysis of the main meteorological factors in the three major tobacco areas.Then,the relationship between the main ecological meteorological factors of the three major tobacco areas and the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco was analyzed by stepwise regression.The main findings are as follows:1.The main analysis results of the appearance quality of the same grade tobacco leaves in different regions show that:(1)The six grades of tobacco leaves selected in the three major tobacco-growing areas in Fujian have the appearance quality in line with the requirements of the national standard,indicating that the selected tobacco leaves are representative.(2)The total scores of appearance quality assessment of Sanming,Longyan and Nanping tobacco areas were the highest in the upper leaves,followed by the middle leaves and the lower leaves.2.The main analysis results of the physical characteristics of the same grade tobacco leaves in different regions indicate that:(1)The stalk rate of tobacco leaves in all three regions is basically within the suitable range of high-quality tobacco leaves(25-30%),and the average leaf weight of the upper and middle leaves is Within the appropriate range of high-quality tobacco leaves(7-14g),the lower leaves showed a low overall leaf weight.(2)Except for X2F grade tobacco leaves,the width-to-length ratio of tobacco leaves in Nanping area is higher than that in Sanming and Longyan,and the leaf thickness is relatively low or moderate.(3)The leaf thickness of B2F,B2L,C3L,X2F and X2L tobacco leaves in Sanming tobacco area is significantly larger than that in Longyan and Nanping areas.(4)The opening degree of Nanping and Longyan areas is relatively good,and the Sanming area is relatively poor.However,except for B2F level,Sanming area has the appropriate stalk rate of tobacco leaves(24%-30%),while Longyan and Nanping The regional performance was slightly higher in the middle and lower leaves.3.The main analysis results of chemical indexes of the same grade of tobacco in different regions showed that:(1)The chemical constituents of the roasted tobacco in the three regions of Fujian showed:ash,total nitrogen,reducing sugar,sulfur,and sugar-alkali ratio were all expressed in Sanming It is better,that is,the smoke of the Sanming's roasted tobacco leaves is less irritating and mellow.(2)Potassium,chlorine(low),non-reducing sugar,potassium-chloride ratio,and nicotine content all performed well in Nanping,that is,Nanping's tobacco leaves have good flammability,and the burning power is high and the comfort is high.(3)Magnesium,starch(low),protein(low),and Schmick values are better in Longyan,that is,there is less odor in the Longyan area after roasting.(4)Chlorine,starch,magnesium,total nitrogen,reducing sugar,non-reducing sugar,protein content is better than orange yellow in orange color,while ash,potassium,soluble sugar,potassium chloride ratio,Schlick value,sugar-to-alkali ratio Lemon yellow is better than orange.4.The main analysis results of the aroma components of the same grade tobacco leaves in different regions showed that:(1)The total amount of neutral aroma substances in all grades of tobacco in three regions showed Longyan>Nanping>Sanming.(2)The opening condition of tobacco leaves at all levels in Longyan and Nanping tobacco areas is better than that in Sanming tobacco area and the content of neutral aroma components is higher.(3)The carotenoid content of tobacco leaves in Longyan tobacco area was higher than that in Sanming area and Nanping area.(4)The degradation products of cembranoids in Longyan tobacco area are higher than those in Sanming and Nanping tobacco areas.The main analysis results of the same grade tobacco leaf sucking results in different regions showed that:(1)The upper leaves showed higher scores of B2F and B2L tobacco indexes in Longyan area.(2)The middle leaves showed slightly higher scores for the C3F and C3L tobacco indexes in the Sanming area.(3)The lower leaves showed that the index of X2F grade tobacco in Longyan area was slightly higher,while the scores of X2L grade tobacco in Sanming area were higher.6.The main analysis results of comprehensive climatic factors in different regions show that:(1)The three tobacco-growing areas in Fujian have abundant sunshine conditions and sufficient heat to meet the normal growth needs of tobacco plants.(2)The Nanping area showed a lower temperature in the previous period,but the temperature in the three places was not much different.(3)The precipitation in the three tobacco areas in March,April and May was quite different,both of which showed more rainfall in the early and late periods,and relatively less rainfall in the medium term.(4)The Nanping area had a slight drought in May,while the Longyan area had excessive rainfall during the late maturity period,and the distribution of rainfall during the month was quite different,and the coefficient of variation of rainfall was significantly greater than the temperature and sunshine hours.7.Correlation analysis of chemical indicators and climatic factors of the same grade of tobacco in different regions shows that:(1)The chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco in three regions showed different degrees of positive and negative correlation with temperature,rainfall and sunshine hours..(2)The ratios of reducing sugar,nicotine,chlorine and potassium chloride in flue-cured tobacco in Sanming area were different from those in different months,but there was no significant correlation between total sugar,starch,potassium and sugar-base ratio.(3)The total sugar,starch,nicotine,potassium and chlorine in flue-cured tobacco in Longyan area showed significant positive and negative correlations with meteorological factors in different months,including nicotine and April temperature,potassium and March rainfall,chlorine and March.There was a significant positive correlation between sunshine hours,and the reducing sugar,potassium chloride ratio and sugar-to-alkali ratio were not significantly correlated with various climatic factors.(4)Total sugar,reducing sugar,starch,nicotine in flue-cured tobacco in Nanping area,The potassium and sugar-to-alkali ratios were positively and negatively correlated with meteorological factors in some months.The total sugar and starch were significantly positively and negatively correlated with the number of sunshine hours in April.Nicotine and potassium were associated with April.There was a very significant correlation between the opposite temperatures and no significant correlation with chlorine and potassium chloride.(5)The correlation analysis between the chemical components of the tobacco leaves and the meteorological factors in the three main producing areas of Fujian Province was carried out,and the optimal regression equation was further studied.Different meteorological factors have different effects on chemical constituents of roasted tobacco leaves.8.The total quality and climatic conditions of C3F,C3L and X2L tobacco leaves in Sanming tobacco area were the best;the total quality of B2F and B2L tobacco leaves in Longyan tobacco area was the best;the total quality difference of X2F grade tobacco in Sanming and Longyan tobacco areas was small;The overall quality of the tobacco leaves and the climatically suitable conditions are relatively low. |
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