| As the only existing group of Suborder Mesothelae,the family Liphistiidae belongs to Class Arachnida,Order Araneae,and is sister to all other Suborder Opisthothelae spiders.Liphistiidae is an ancient lineage,with obvious plesiomorphic characters,such as the abdominal tergites and the spinnerets located in the middle of abdominal venter,therefore,it is recognized as “living fossils” by biologist.In addition,Liphistiids play an important role in studying systematics of spiders,because of its pivotal position in the spider tree of life.Liphistiids construct burrows with a trapdoor made of soil and silk,it exhibits limited dispersal and high endemism,thus it is regarded as an ideal organism for studying biogeography,population genetics and systematics.However,the previous most studies are focused on the classical taxonomy,only a few systematics and biogeographic studies have been reported,yet,until now,no systematics and integrative taxonomy research has been reported from Hunan Provinc.The family Liphistiidae contains 135 species in eight genera of two subfamilies,Liphistiinae and Heptathelinae,and confined to East and Southeast Asia(China,Japan,Indonesia(Sumatra),Laos,Malaysia,Thailand,Vietnam).Because the habitat of liphistiid similar to the surround environment,it is difficult to find them in field,especial for male,moreover,the liphistiid female genitalia have been indicated that with considerable intraspecific variation,therefore,the classifical taxonomic study based on morphological characters is not suitable for liphistiid taxonomy.In this study,I mainly focus on the spider family Liphistiidae from Hunan Province,collected 596 specimens from 73 locations,and sequenced COI from 457 samples.This thesis has four chapters: chapter I,general introduction of Liphistiiae;Chapter II,phylogenetic analyses and integrative taxmonoy of Liphistiidae collected from Hunan Province using molecular data,to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of liphistiid from Hunan,and integrate different molecular species delimitation methods(DNA barcoding gap,automatic barcoding gap discovery,the species delimitation plugin(P ID(Liberal)))with morphological characters to diagnose species;Chapter III,the taxonomic revision of Hunan liphistiids;Chapter IV,general discussion.To sum up,in this study,three genera have been found from Hunan Province,Songthela,Vinathela and Ganthela,the phylogentic analyses support the monophyly of each genus.The integrative taxonomy results indicated that 39 Songthela species,including 37 new species(Songthela aokoulong sp.nov.,Songthela bacillaris sp.nov.,Songthela badouqiu sp.nov.,Songthela bianxi sp.nov.,Songthela carinalis sp.nov.,Songthela chenxi sp.nov.,Songthela cuculliformis sp.nov.,Songthela dapo sp.nov.,Songthela dingjiayuan sp.nov.,Songthela dongkoutang sp.nov.,Songthela exingshan sp.nov.,Songthela feishan sp.nov.,Songthela flabelliformis sp.nov.,Songthela futianan sp.nov.,Songthela fuxiuping sp.nov.,Songthela hefu sp.nov.,Songthela hemutang sp.nov.,Songthela huangyang sp.nov.,Songthela huayanxi sp.nov.,Songthela hupingshan sp.nov.,Songthela junshan sp.nov.,Songthela lajiaofeng sp.nov.,Songthela lianhe sp.nov.,Songthela lingshang sp.nov.,Songthela luotuoshan sp.nov.,Songthela madao sp.nov.,Songthela pyriformis sp.nov.,Songthela shuyuan sp.nov.,Songthela tianmenshan sp.nov.,Songthela tianzishan sp.nov.,Songthela wulingyuan sp.nov.,Songthela xiangnan sp.nov.,Songthela xiaoyangping sp.nov.,Songthela xiazhou sp.nov.,Songthela xiujian sp.nov.,Songthela yijiazhou sp.nov.,Songthela zizhudaoguan sp.nov.),one known(Songthela goulouensis)as well as one putative species,three Vinathela species,including two new specie(Vinathela nenglianggu sp.nov.,Vinathela yongan sp.nov.)and one putative species,and two Ganthela new species(Ganthela mihougu sp.nov.,Ganthela yuquanhuahai sp.nov.)have been found from Hunan Province.The 41 new species and one known species were described and photograhed. |
PDF Full Text Request