A Preliminary Study On Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Cordyceps Sensu Lato In Kunming

Cordyceps(Fr.)Link s.l.is a group of fungi of the Hypocrea,which parasitizes on invertebrates,a few fungi,and plants.According to the latest taxonomical system of Cordyceps s.l.,which belongs to Claviciditaceae,Cordycetaceae and Ophiocordycepitae,and other groups with unclear taxonomic status in Hypocreales.Cordyceps s.l.plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance and biological control.Currently,more than 1,300 taxon of Cordyceps s.l.can be retrieved from Myco Bank(http://www.Myco Bank.org,2020)and Index Fungorum(http://www.index fugorum.org,2020),while less than 200 valid names are reported in China.The distribution and species diversity of Cordyceps s.l.are greatly affected by geographical factors,climate and vegetation.The investigation and study of species diversity about Cordyceps s.l.has always been the focus of entomogenous fungi.So far,few systematic research has been reported on the polyphasic classification,phylogeny and evolution of Cordyceps s.l.and the construction of germplasm resource bank in Kunming.There are only about 10 species of Cordyceps s.l.have been reported in Kunming,which may contain a large number of Cordyceps s.l.species that have been not discovered,and even new species.Therefore,it is urgent to investigate the species diversity of Cordyceps s.l.in Kunming.In this study,Cordyceps s.l.resources were investigated in different altitude,different ecological environment and different habitat of Kunming in 2017-2019.Species identification and classification were carried out based on morphology and multi-gene phylogeny to complete the cataloguing of species diversity of Cordyceps s.l.in kunming,based on ? diversity,the species diversity and dominant genera and species characteristics of Cordyceps s.l.were revealed.The main results were as follows:(1)The phylogenetic tree of Cordyceps s.l.was constructed based on the combined multi-gene data(nr LSU,nr SSU,tef-1,rpb1 and rpb2),revealing the phylogenetic relationship of Cordyceps s.l.from Kunming,and combining morphological identification to determine the taxonomic status of Cordyceps s.l.in Kunming.In this study,a total of 41 Cordyceps s.l.species were found in Kunming(19 new species),belonging to 8 genera of 3 families(Claviciditaceae,Cordycetaceae and Ophiocordycepitae),i.e.,Cordyceps,Beauveria,Samsoniella,Simplicillium,Ophiocordyceps,Polycephalomyces,Metarhizium and Flavocillium H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang.(2)Based on morphological characteristics observation and phylogenetic analysis,a new genus Flavocillium was erected,and the 17 new species were described,i.e.,Cordyceps cocoonihabita H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Cordyceps chaetoclavata H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Beauveria songmingensis H.Yu,Y.Wang & Q.Fan,Samsoniella cardinalis H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Samsoniella lanmaoa H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Samsoniella antleroides H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Samsoniella tortricidae H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Samsoniella cristata H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Samsoniella asiatica H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Q.Fan & D.E.Duan,Samsoniella albosynnematosa H.Yu,Y.B.Wang & Q.Fan,Samsoniella sinensis H.Yu,Y.B.Wang & Q.Fan,Samsoniella zangia H.Yu,Y.B.Wang & Q.Fan,Samsoniella psedoaurantia H.Yu,Y.B.Wang & Q.Fan,Flavocillium bifurcatum H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.Fan & Zhu L.Yang,Simplicillium yunnanense H.Yu,Y.B.Wang,Y.Wang & Zhu L.Yang,Ophiocordyceps alboperitheciata H.Yu,Q.Fan & Y.B.Wang,Metarhizium yunnanense H.Yu,Q.Fan,Y.Wang & Y.B.Wang.(3)Based on the analysis of ? diversity,it was found that the species diversity of Cordyceps s.l.in Kunming was relatively high,and the dominant species was obvious.The dominant family was Cordycetaceae,the dominant genera were Cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps,the dominant species was Ophiocordyceps highlandensis Zhu L.Yang & J.Qin..Ophiocordyceps nutans(Pat.)GH Sung,JM Sung,Hywel–Jones & Spatafora,Cordyceps tenuipes(Peck)Kepler,B.Shrestha & Spatafora,Isaria cicadae Miq.and Cordyceps militaris(L.)Fr.had relative high richness The host of Cordyceps s.l.was mainly involving arthropods from five orders.