Research And Experiment Of Small Seawater Desalination Equipment Based On Reverse Osmosis

The reverse osmosis method has developed extremely rapidly in recent years and has become the most competitive seawater desalination technology in the world,and it has been widely used in all aspects.Although large-scale reverse osmosis desalination plants have the characteristics of large water production and wide supply ranges,they cannot provide fresh water resources in areas with insufficient water resources and limited space.This paper compares and analyzes the structural characteristics and design schemes of existing domestic and foreign small desalination equipment,and designs a small and convenient desalination equipment based on reverse osmosis method,which is mainly suitable for handling emergencies,disaster relief,and desert areas.The need for timely freshwater resources such as outdoor activities.According to the specific design indicators of small seawater desalination equipment,such as volume,weight,product water flow,water quality,system energy consumption and desalination rate,etc.,the pretreatment module,reverse osmosis module,post-treatment module and energy supply module were planned.Design and selection,completed the overall design plan of the small-scale seawater desalination equipment based on reverse osmosis method,and elaborated the integrated design of the equipment in detail to provide the basis for the subsequent analysis of the small-scale reverse osmosis membrane system.Through the establishment of a mathematical model,the law of material transfer in the reverse osmosis process is described,including ideal and non-ideal reverse osmosis desalination processes,and the causes and effects of concentration polarization are analyzed.Then,according to the design index and membrane flux design guidelines,the small-scale reverse osmosis membrane system was designed and calculated in detail,including the selection,quantity and arrangement of membranes.Subsequently,the one-stage two-stage small reverse osmosis membrane system was modeled,and the energy consumption and utilization issues in the desalination process were analyzed in depth.The theoretical solution is carried out from the two perspectives of specific energy consumption and energy utilization efficiency,the main influencing factors are clarified,and the optimal recovery rate of system operation is determined.The influence of the operating parameters of the reverse osmosis system on the operating performance is analyzed in detail through both theoretical and simulation methods.The simulation analysis first uses the orthogonal test method to establish the test plan.The ROSA software simulates the operation of the one-stage two-stage small reverse osmosis system,and then performs range and variance analysis on the results of the orthogonal test table to obtain the operating parameter characteristics of the small system.Among them,the factors that have the greatest impact on the performance of the reverse osmosis system are feedwater pressure,temperature and concentration,and the influence of feedwater flow is not obvious.Finally,according to the change trend of the operating performance of the small reverse osmosis system,appropriate operating parameters can be obtained to maximize the operating performance of the system,thereby verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis.In order to further analyze the influencing factors of the operation performance of the small reverse osmosis system,an experimental prototype was set up to carry out related experiments.First,the steady-state condition experiment is used to determine the time required for the reverse osmosis system to reach the steady-state condition,which provides a basis for subsequent experimental data collection.Then,through the controlled variable method,the relevant experimental research on the water pressure,temperature,concentration and flow of the prototype was carried out,and the parameter characteristics of the operating performance of the experimental prototype were obtained.Through the processing of the experimental data,the relationship between the operating parameters and the performance of the reverse osmosis system is obtained,and the theoretical analysis and simulation results in the previous article are verified.